(9) For the spirit of heat whence the light ariseth (and out of the light, through the water, the love and meekness), could not kindle itself; but there was a birth or geniture of an austere, cold and severe fierceness, which is a drier, a spoiler and an enemy of meekness, and which in the creatures generateth the hard bones.

(50) But the devil has kindled the bath or lake of wrath, whence the earth and the stones, also the elements, are become so fluctuating, as also cold, bitter, and hot. And so he has destroyed the outermost birth or geniture.

(14) But when king Lucifer had stirred the wrath in this birth or geniture, and had with his loftiness brought the poison and death into it, then in the wrathful birth, in the fierceness or sting of death, such earth and stones were generated.

(58) The fierceness or bitterness is generated in the midst or centre of the hardness, and the heat is generated in the flash, and therein also it subsisteth; and so far as the flash, that is, the flame of the fire reacheth, so far also reacheth the fierceness of the bitterness, which is the son of the hardness and heat.

(7) But behold! when Lucifer with his host or army stirred or awakened the wrath-fire in the nature of God, so that God was moved to anger in nature in the place of Lucifer, then the outermost birth or geniture in nature gat another quality, which was very fierce, astringent, cold, hot, bitter and sour.

(15) As, then, the minutest particle of steel is moved by the spirit of the Heraclean stone when diffused over many steel rings; so also, attracted by the Holy Spirit, the virtuous are added by affinity to the first abode, and the others in succession down to the last. But those who are bad from infirmity, having fallen from vicious insatiableness into a depraved state, neither controlling nor controlled, rush round and round, whirled about by the passions, and fall down to the ground.

(109) When this was done, then the qualifying or fountain spirits became very fierce and vehemently struggling, and the astringent spirit, as the strongest, drew very terribly together in the seventh nature-spirit the fabric and effects of the other five; from whence the bitter earth and stones came to be, but [they] were not yet driven together, but moved in the whole deep.

(39) And so in the sharp and fiery births or generatings there is nothing but a mere longing of love, a tasting, friendly affecting, gracious, amiable and blessed generating; there is nothing but mere love, and all wrath and bitterness in the centre are bolted up as in a strong hold. This generating is a very meek, beneficial welldoing, and the bitter spirit is now the living mobility.

(13) Now when these evil, devilish spirits (understand the centre of the genitrix) moved or boiled in God's Salitter, and made havock, or spoiled all therein, then there was nothing but stinging, burning, murdering, robbing, and a mere opposite or contrary will.

(24) In this fourth rubbing is a very hard, and most horrible, sharp and fierce coldness, like a refined, melted, and very cold saltwater, which yet is not water, but such a hard kind of power and virtue that is like stones.

(157) Now in all the spirits there was nothing else but a mere hot, fiery, cold and hard corruption, and so one evil quality tasted the others, whereby the whole body grew so very fierce and wrathful; for the heat was against the cold, and the cold against the heat.

(104) For the qualifying or fountain spirits of the devils are shut up in the hard wrath; their bodies are a hard death, and their spirits are a fierce sting of the wrath of God, and their qualifying or fountain spirits generate themselves continually in the innermost sharpness, according to the sharp law [right or order] of the Deity.

(23) This astringent quality is one species or source of wrath in the divine Salitter; and when this source is kindled, which may be done by great motion or elevation, touching or stirring, then the astringent causes, or qualifieth in, great coldness, which is very sharp, like unto salt, very hard, binding, knitting and attracting together like a stone.

(151) Then the heat kindleth the sweet source or quality, with an intent to be refreshed, but there is no sap left, the sweet source or quality is now burning and glowing only, even as a hard, dried or burnt stone, and can no more kindle its light. And so the whole body remaineth now a dark valley, in which there is nothing but a fierce hard coldness in the astringent quality, and in the sweet quality a hard glowing fire only, wherein the fierce wrathful heat riseth up in all eternity, and in the bitter quality there is a raving, a raging, a stinging and a burning.

(8) But there will still be some to deny that it is through this Matter that we ourselves become evil.

They will say that neither ignorance nor wicked desires arise in Matter. Even if they admit that the unhappy condition within us is due to the pravity inherent in body, they will urge that still the blame lies not in the Matter itself but with the Form present in it- such Form as heat, cold, bitterness, saltness and all other conditions perceptible to sense, or again such states as being full or void- not in the concrete signification but in the presence or absence of just such forms. In a word, they will argue, all particularity in desires and even in perverted judgements upon things, can be referred to such causes, so that Evil lies in this Form much more than in the mere Matter.

Yet, even with all this, they can be compelled to admit that Matter is the Evil.

For, the quality that has entered into Matter does not act as an entity apart from the Matter, any more than axe-shape will cut apart from iron. Further, Forms lodged in Matter are not the same as they would be if they remained within themselves; they are Reason-Principles Materialized, they are corrupted in the Matter, they have absorbed its nature: essential fire does not burn, nor do any of the essential entities effect, of themselves alone, the operation which, once they have entered into Matter, is traced to their action.

Matter becomes mistress of what is manifested through it: it corrupts and destroys the incomer, it substitutes its own opposite character and kind, not in the sense of opposing, for example, concrete cold to concrete warmth, but by setting its own formlessness against the Form of heat, shapelessness to shape, excess and defect to the duly ordered. Thus, in sum, what enters into Matter ceases to belong to itself, comes to belong to Matter, just as, in the nourishment of living beings, what is taken in does not remain as it came, but is turned into, say, dog's blood and all that goes to make a dog, becomes, in fact, any of the humours of any recipient.

No, if body is the cause of Evil, then there is no escape; the cause of Evil is Matter.

Still, it will be urged, the incoming Idea should have been able to conquer the Matter.

The difficulty is that Matter's master cannot remain pure itself except by avoidance of Matter.

Besides, the constitution determines both the desires and their violence so that there are bodies in which the incoming idea cannot hold sway: there is a vicious constitution which chills and clogs the activity and inhibits choice; a contrary bodily habit produces frivolity, lack of balance. The same fact is indicated by our successive variations of mood: in times of stress, we are not the same either in desires or in ideas- as when we are at peace, and we differ again with every several object that brings us satisfaction.

To resume: the Measureless is evil primarily; whatever, either by resemblance or participation, exists in the state of unmeasure, is evil secondarily, by force of its dealing with the Primal- primarily, the darkness; secondarily, the darkened. Now, Vice, being an ignorance and a lack of measure in the Soul, is secondarily evil, not the Essential Evil, just as Virtue is not the Primal Good but is Likeness to The Good, or participation in it.

(22) IV. The fourth generating is the fire, which existeth from the mobility or rubbing in the astringent spirit, and that is now a sharp burning, and the bitter is a stinging and raging. But when the fire-spirit rubbeth itself thus ragingly in the astringent coldness, then there is an anxious horrible quaking, a trembling, and a sharp, opposite, contentious generating. Observe here the Depth.

(82) But silver and gold in the dead palpability or tangibility are but as a dark stone, in comparison with the root of the heavenly generating; but I set it down here only that thou may know from whence it has its original.

(7) Now when it had half-generated the animated or soulish spirit in the body, that spirit became in this kind and manner a fierce, stinging, raging, kindled and tearing spirit, bitter as gall; and is rightly the quality of hell fire, a very fierce and enemicitious hostile being.

(1) In the beginning nothing whatsoever was here. This [world] was covered over with death, with hunger — for hunger is death. Then he made up his mind (manas): ' Would that I had a self!' So he went on (acarat) praising (arcau). From him, while he was praising, water was produced. 'Verily, while I was praising, I had pleasure (ka) \ ' thought he, This, indeed, is the tfTv&tf-nature of what pertains to brightness (arkya). Verily, there is pleasure for him who knows thus that ar/ca-naturc of what pertains to brightness. 2* The water, verily, was brightness. That which was the froth of the water became solidified. That became the earth. On it he [i.e. Death] tortured himself ( Vsram}. When he had tortured himself and practised austerity, his heat (tejas) and essence (rasa) turned into fire.