The "category of Action": The quantum has been regarded as a single genus on the ground that Quantity and Number are attributes of Substance and posterior to it; the quale has been regarded as another genus because Quality is an attribute of Substance: on the same principle it is maintained that since activity is an attribute of Substance, Action constitutes yet another genus. Does then the action constitute the genus, or the activity from which the action springs, in the same way as Quality is the genus from which the quale is derived? Perhaps activity, action and agent should all be embraced under a single head? But, on the one hand, the action- unlike activity- tends to comport the agent; and on the other, it signifies being in some activity and therefore Being-in-Act . Consequently the category will be one of Act rather than of Action. Act moreover incontestably manifests itself in Substance, as was found to be the case with Quality: it is connected with Substance as being a form of motion. But Motion is a distinct genus: for, seeing that Quality is a distinct attribute of Substance, and Quality a distinct attribute, and Relative takes its being from the relation of one substance to another, there can be no reason why Motion, also an attribute of Substance, should not also constitute a distinct genus.

Hence you inquire concerning the difference in the last things pertaining to them; but you leave uninvestigated such things as are first, and most hon...

Now in definitions, difference is assumed, which, in the definition, occupies the place of sign. The faculty of laughing, accordingly, being added to...

We divide, therefore, the genus of what is proposed for consideration into the species contained in it; as, in the case of man, we divide animal,...

With respect to your inquiry, “ what the peculiarities are in each of the more excellent genera, by which they are separated from each other? ” if...

And of things without life, plants, they say, are moved by transposition in order to growth, if we will concede to them that plants are without life. ...

Every object has its characteristics which are already quiescent, those which are active, and those which are not yet definable.

Accordingly we must first take the genus, in which are the points that are nearest those above; and after this the next difference. And the...

Now every single class of living thing, Asclepius, of whatsoever kind, or it be mortal or be rational, whether it be endowed with soul, or be without...

The species is always contemplated in a part. On the other hand, however, if a thing is part of another, it will not be also a species. For the hand...

The genera of all things company with their own species; so that the genus is a class in its entirety, the species is part of a genus. The genus of th...

For these reasons are forms , and being simple and uniform, they receive no perturbation in themselves, and no departure from their proper mode of sub...

IV. The Plane of the Animals Here, once more, we discover that there is no fixed dividing line between the adjoining Planes of Consciousness. Just as...

Accordingly, while the definition is explanatory of the essence of the thing, it is incapable of accurately comprehending its nature. By means of the...

For those are Univocal terms, to both of which belongs the common name, animal; and the same principle, that is definition, that is animate essence. A...

For each of the species is either an essence; as when we say, Some substances are corporeal and some incorporeal; or how much, or what relation, or wh...

The paths of material things and of states of consciousness are distinct, as is manifest from the fact that the same object may produce different...

Of things stated, some are stated without connection; as, for example, "man" and "runs," and whatever does not complete a sentence, which is either...

To which may be added, that it is dreadfully absurd to ascribe to bodies a principal power of giving a specific distinction to the first causes of the...

And then the name animal was reduced to definition, for the sake of perspicuity. But having discovered that it is distinguished from what is not an an...