(1) The simple letters are twelve, namely: He, Vau, Zain, Heth, Teth, Yod, Lamed, Nun, Samech, Oin, Tzaddi, and Quoph; they represent the fundamental properties, eight, hearing, smell, speech, desire for food, the sexual appetite, movement, anger, mirth, thought, sleep, and work. These symbolize also twelve directions in space: northeast, southeast, the east above, the east below, the northwest, southwest, the west above, the west below, the upper south, the lower south, the upper north, the lower north. These diverge to all eternity, and an as the arms of the universe.

(17) Differently, the stones might be the various phases of salvation; some occupying the upper, some the lower parts of the entire body saved. The three hundred and sixty bells, suspended from the robe, is the space of a year, "the acceptable year of the Lord," proclaiming and resounding the stupendous manifestation of the Saviour. Further, the broad gold mitre indicates the regal power of the Lord, "since the Head of the Church" is the Savour. The mitre that is on it [i.e., the head] is, then, a sign of most princely rule; and otherwise we have heard it said, "The Head of Christ is the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." Moreover, there was the breastplate, comprising the ephod, which is the symbol of work, and the oracle logion; and this indicated the Word logos by which it was framed, and is the symbol of heaven, made by the Word, and subjected to Christ, the Head of all things, inasmuch as it moves in the same way, and in a like manner. The luminous emerald stones, therefore, in the ephod, signify the sun and moon, the helpers of nature. The shoulder, I take it, is the commencement of the hand.

(18) The twelve stones, set in four rows on the breast, describe for us the circle of the zodiac, in the four changes of the year. It was otherwise requisite that the law and the prophets should be placed beneath the Lord's head, because in both Testaments mention is made of the righteous. For were we to say that the apostles were at once prophets and righteous, we should say well, "since one and the self-same Holy Spirit works in all." And as the Lord is above the whole world, yea, above the world of thought, so the name engraven on the plate has been regarded to signify, above all rule and authority; and it was inscribed with reference both to the written commandments and the manifestation to sense.

(2) And there are those who fashion ears and eyes of costly material, and consecrate them, dedicating them in the temples to the gods - by this plainly indicating that God sees and hears all things. Besides, the lion is with them the symbol of strength and prowess, as the ox clearly is of the earth itself, and husbandry and food, and the horse of fortitude and confidence; while, on the other hand, the sphinx, of strength combined with intelligence - as it had a body entirely that of a lion, and the face of a man. Similarly to these, to indicate intelligence, and memory, and power, and art, a man is sculptured in the temples. And in what is called among them the Komasiae of the gods, they carry about golden images - two dogs, one hawk, and one ibis; and the four figures of the images they call four letters. For the dogs are symbols of the two hemispheres, which, as it were, go round and keep watch; the hawk, of the sun, for it is fiery and destructive (so they attribute pestilential diseases to the sun); the ibis, of the moon, likening the shady parts to that which is dark in plumage, and the luminous to the light. And some will have it that by the dogs are meant the tropics, which guard and watch the sun's passage to the south and north. The hawk signifies the equinoctial line, which is high and parched with heat, as the ibis the ecliptic. For the ibis seems, above other animals, to have furnished to the Egyptians the first rudiments of the invention of number and measure, as the oblique line did of circles.

(7) Now there are some who say that three hundred cubits are the symbol of the Lord's sign; and fifty, of hope and of the remission given at Pentecost; and thirty, or as in some, twelve, they say points out the preaching [of the Gospel]; because the LOrd preached in His thirtieth year; and the apostles were twelve. And the structure's terminating in a cubit is the symbol of the advancement of the righteous to oneness and to "the unity of the faith."

(600) 1652 To say: O Atum-Khepri, when thou didst mount as a hill, 1652 and didst shine as bnw of the ben (or, benben) in the temple of the "phoenix" in Heliopolis, 1652 and didst spew out as Shu, and did spit out as Tefnut, 1653 (then) thou didst put thine arms about them, as the arm(s) of a ka, that thy ka might be in them. 1653 Atum, so put thine arms about N., 1653 about this temple, about this pyramid, as the arm (s) of a ka, 1653 that the ka of N. may be in it, enduring for ever and ever. 1654 O Atum, put thy protection upon N., 1654 upon this his pyramid, (upon) this temple of N.; 1654 prevent any evil thing happening to him for ever and ever; 1654 just as thy protection was put upon Shu and Tefnut. 1655 O Great Ennead who are in Heliopolis, 1655 Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, 1655 children of Atum--his heart is broad (glad) because of his children, in your name of "Nine [Bows]." 1656 no one among you separates himself from Atum, (when) he protects N., 1656 (when) he protects this pyramid of N., (when) he protects this his temple, 1656 against all the gods, against all the dead. 1656 He prevents any evil thing from happening to him for ever and ever. 1657 O Horus, this N. is Osiris; 1657 this pyramid of N. is Osiris; this his temple is Osiris; 1657 approach thyself to N.; 1657 be not far from him, in his name of "Pyramid." 1658 Thou wast complete, thou wast great, in thy name of "House of the Great black." 1658 Thot has put the gods under thee, because they are intact and just, 1658 in the dd-fortress, in the dm`-fortress. 1658 O Horus, like thy father, Osiris, in his name of, "He of the royal castle," 1659 Horus has given the gods to thee; he has caused them to ascend to thee, as (reed)-pens, 1659 that they may illuminate thy face (cheer thee) as temples. 41. A LITANY-LIKE INCANTATION FOR THE ENDURANCE OF A PYRAMID AND TEMPLE,

(454) 847 To say: Osiris N., thou hast encircled every god in thine arms, 847 their lands, all their possessions. 847 Osiris N., thou art great, thou art bent around like the circle which encircles the nb.wt.

(402) 698 To say: The place of N. with Geb is enlarged; 698 the d-star of N. with R` will be made high, 698 that N. may promenade in the Marshes of Offering. 698 N. is the eye of R`, which was conceived in the night and born each day.

(9) Nine thousand, nine hundred, and ninety-nine, and nine myriads of the guardian spirits of the righteous are intrusted with its protection, so that the demons may not injure it.

(23) And they called eight a cube, counting the fixed sphere along with the seven revolving ones, by which is produced "the great year," as a kind of period of recompense of what has been promised.

(335) 546 To say: How beautiful is, the sight of N., adorned with the horns of R`, 546 his apron on him like Hathor, his feather like the feather of a falcon, 546 when (or, as) he ascends to heaven among his brothers, the gods!

(1) should not have been placed among those of the Book of the Dead, it belongs to another book similar to the , the book engraved on the walls of the royal tombs. It describes gods and genii of the bounds in the Tuat who confer certain blessings on the deceased; such as this: “those who lift up their faces towards the sky at the prow of the boat of Rā, grant that Osiris N. may see Rā when he rises.” A vignette gives the appearance of the god or genius spoken of. Every one of them is followed by this sentence: “for the libation of a vase has been made on earth by Osiris N. who is (now) the lord of abundance, and goes round the garden of Hotepit.”

(3) Three mothers, seven double and twelve simple, these are the twenty-two letters with which I H V H Tetragrammaton, that is our Lord of Hosts, exalted, and existed in the ages, whose name is Holy, created three fathers, fire and spirit and water, progressing beyond them, seven heavens with their armies of angels; and twelve limits of the universe.

(480) 992 To say: How beautiful indeed is the sight; how elevating indeed is the sight, 992 the ascension of this god, N., to heaven, like the ascension of father Atum to heaven, 992 his renown over him, his magic on both sides of him, his terror before him, 993 after he (Atum) has brought to N. the cities, assembled for N. the nomes, 993 united for N. the mm.w-lands! 993 He who had spoken concerning it is Geb, hereditary prince of the gods. 994 The regions of Horus, the regions of Set, the Marsh of Reeds-- 994 they praise N., as Dw.w, 994 as 'I, who is chief of the land of Upper Egypt, 994 as Ddwn, who is chief of the land of Nubia, 994 as Sopdu, (who lives) under his kb.t-trees. 995 They bring the ladder for N.; 995 they set up the ladder for N.; 995 they raise up the ladder for N. 995 The m.t-ladder comes; the p.t-ladder comes, thy name comes (as) the gods named (it). 996 Those who have ascended are come, those who have ascended are come; those who have climbed up are come, those who have climbed' up are come; 996 those who have lifted themselves up like Shu are come, those who have lifted themselves up like Shu are come. 996 N. ascends on the hips of Isis; N. climbs up on the hips of Nephthys. 997 The father of N., Atum, lays bold of the arm of N.; 997 he appoints N. as, chief of those gods, 997 the nimble, the wise, the imperishables. 998 Behold this which you have said, ye gods, that N. would not again be at your head. 998 Behold, N. remains as he who is at your head, as the surviving bull of the wild bulls.

(1) Whence also the Egyptians did not entrust the mysteries they possessed to all and sundry, and did not divulge the knowledge of divine things to the profane; but only to those destined to ascend the throne, and those of the priests that were judged the worthiest, from their nurture, culture, and birth. Similar, then, to the Hebrew enigmas in respect to concealment, are those of the Egyptians also. Of the Egyptians, some show the sun on a ship, others on a crocodile. And they signify hereby, that the sun, making a passage through the delicious and moist air, generates time; which is symbolized by the crocodile in some other sacerdotal account. Further, at Diospolis in Egypt, on the temple called Pylon, there was figured a boy as the symbol of production, and an old man as that of decay. A hawk, on the other hand, was the symbol of God, as a fish of hate; and, according to a different symbolism, the crocodile; of impudence. The whole symbol, then, when put together, appears to teach this: "Oh ye who are born and die, God hates impudence."

(481) 999 To say: Look-out, His-face-behind-him, ferry N. over. 999 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed, that N. may ferry over therewith to R`, to the horizon. 999 The two reed-floats of heaven were placed for R`, that he might ferry over therewith to Horus of the gods, to the horizon. 1000 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for N., 1000 that N. may ferry over therewith to R`, to the horizon. 1000 N. will ferry over to his station on the eastern side of the sky, 1000 in its northern region, among the imperishable stars, 1000 who stand on (by?) their d`m-sceptres, who stand (?) on their eastern standard. 1001 N. will stand among them. 1001 The brother of N. is the moon, the mother (mtw) of N. is the morning star. 1001 Give thine arm to N., that he may live.

(328) 537 To say: N. is the exalted, who is in the forefront, who lifts up the brow; 537 the star before which the gods bow, before which the Two Enneads tremble. 537 It is the hand of N. which will lift him (N.) up.

(21) This Chapter, taken from London 9900, is found complete in the pyramid of Unas (l. 166 ff.). Four other pyramids, those of Teta, Pepi I, Merenrā and Pepi II contain the greatest part of it; as also does a stele of the XIIth Dynasty found in Abydos, and belonging to a man called Nehi. Hatshepsu had it copied on both sides of the chamber of offering specially dedicated to her ( Deir el Bahari , Vol. IV, pl. CIX-XIII and p. 8). In the pyramids as well as at the temple this text is connected with offerings. The representation in the temple may be considered as the vignette to this chapter. We see there the queen sitting before an altar of offerings called

(2) Ten are the numbers, as are the Sephiroth, and twenty-two the letters, these are the Foundation of all things. Of these letters, three are mothers, seven are double, and twelve are simple.