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(104) Morning and Evening are and reach only up from the Earth to the Moon, and take their Original from the Light of the Sun, and this makes Evening and Morning, as also the outward Day, and the outward dark Night, as every one knows.

(6) And twice in every year the day and night are equal, for on the original attack, when it (the sun) went forth from its first degree (khûrdak), the day and night were equal, it was the season of spring; when it arrives at the first degree of Kalakang (Cancer) the time of day is greatest, it is the beginning of summer; when it arrives at the sign (khûrdak) Tarâgûk (Libra) the day and night are equal, it is the beginning of autumn; when it arrives at the sign Vahîk (Capricorn) the night is a maximum, it is the beginning of winter; and when it arrives at Varak (Aries) the night and day have again become equal, as when it went forth from Varak.

(99) The Writer Moses saith, God separated the Light from the Darkness, and called the Light Day, and the Darkness Night, so out of Evening and Morning the first Day came to be. [Gen. 1.]

(2) It is always necessary first to count the day and afterwards the night, for first the day goes off, and then the night comes on. And from the season (gâs) of Mêdôk-shêm, which is the auspicious day Khûr of the month Tîr, to the season of Mêdîyârêm, which is the auspicious day Vâhrâm of the month Dîn—the shortest day—the night increases; and from the season of Mêdîyârêm to the season of Mêdôk-shêm the night decreases and the day increases. 4. The summer day is as much as two of the shortest winter days, and the winter night is as much as two of the shortest summer nights. 5. The summer day is twelve Hâsars, the night six Hâsars; the winter night is twelve Hâsars, the day six; a Hâsar being a measure of time and, in like manner, of land. 6. In the season of Hamêspamadâyêm, that is, the five supplementary days at the end of the month Spendarmad, the day and night are again equal. 7. As from the auspicious day Aûharmazd of the month Fravardîn to the auspicious day Anîrân of the month Mitrô is the summer of seven months, so from the auspicious day Aûharmazd of the month Âvân to the auspicious month Spendarmad, on to the end of the five supplementary days, is winter of five months. 8. The priest fulfils the regulation (vakar) about a corpse and other things, by this calculation as to summer and winter. 9. In those seven months of summer the periods (gâs) of the days and nights are five—since one celebrates the Rapîtvîn—namely, the period of daybreak is Hâvan, the period of midday is Rapîtvîn, the period of afternoon is Aûzêrîn, when the appearance of the stars has come into the sky until midnight is the period of Aîbisrûtêm, from midnight until the stars become imperceptible is the period of Aûshahîn. 10. In winter are four periods, for from daybreak till Aûshahîn is all Hâvan, and the rest as I have said; and the reason of it is this, that the appearance of winter is in the direction of the north, where the regions Vôrûbarst and Vôrûgarst are; the original dwelling of summer, too, is in the south, where the regions Fradadafsh and Vîdadafsh are; on the day Aûharmazd of the auspicious month Âvân the winter acquires strength and enters into the world, and the spirit of Rapîtvîn goes from above-ground to below-ground, where the spring (khânî) of waters is, and diffuses warmth and moisture in the water, and so many roots of trees do not wither with cold and drought. 11. And on the auspicious day Âtarô of the month Dîn the winter arrives, with much cold, at Aîrân-vêg; and until the end, in the auspicious month Spendarmad, winter advances through the whole world; on this account they kindle a fire everywhere on the day Âtarô of the month Dîn, and it forms an indication that winter has come. 12. In those five months the water of springs and conduits is all warm, for Rapîtvîn keeps warmth and moisture there, and one does not celebrate the period of Rapîtvîn. 13. As the day Aûharmazd of the month Fravardîn advances it diminishes the strength which winter possesses, and summer comes in from its own original dwelling, and receives strength and dominion. 14. Rapîtvîn comes up from below-ground, and ripens the fruit of the trees; on this account the water of springs is cold in summer, for Rapîtvîn is not there; and those seven months one celebrates the Rapîtvîn, and summer advances through the whole earth. 15. And yet in the direction of Hindûstân, there where the original dwelling of summer is nearer, it is always neither cold nor hot; for in the season which is the dominion of summer, the rain always dispels most of the heat, and it does not become perceptible; in the winter rain does not fall, and the cold does not become very perceptible. 16. In the northern direction, where the preparation of winter is, it is always cold; for in the summer mostly, on account of the more oppressive winter there, it is not possible so to dispel the cold that one might make it quite warm. 17. In the middle localities the cold of winter and heat of summer both come on vehemently. 18. Again, the year dependent on the revolving moon is not equal to the computed year on this account, for the moon returns one time in twenty-nine, and one time in thirty days, and there are four hours (zamân) more than such a one of its years; as it says, that every one deceives where they speak about the moon (or month), except when they say that it comes twice in sixty days. 19. Whoever keeps the year by the revolution of the moon mingles summer with winter and winter with summer. 20. This, too, it says, that the auspicious month Fravardîn, the month Ardavahist, and the month Horvadad are spring; the month Tîr, the month Amerôdad, and the month Shatvaîrô are summer; the month Mitrô, the month Âvân, and the month Âtarô are autumn; the month Dîn, the month Vohûman, and the month Spendarmad are winter. 21. And the sun comes from the sign (khûrdak) of Aries, into which it proceeded in the beginning, back to that same place in three hundred and sixty-five days and six short times (hours), which are one year. 22. As every three months it (the sun) advances through three constellations, more or less, the moon comes, in a hundred and eighty days, back to the place out of which it travelled in the beginning.

(129) Thus thou seest, that the Day was created before the Time of the Sun and Stars; for when God said, 'Let there be Light'; there the Light broke through the Darkness, but the Darkness did not comprehend it, but remained sitting in its Seat. [Gen. 1. 3.]

(16) Thou completest the hours of the Night, according as thou hast measured them out. And when thou hast completed them according to thy rule, day dawneth

(146) Secondly, it is also therefore counted for a human Day, because doubtless the Earth instantly begun its Revolution, and turned round about once in such a Period of Time, while God was separating, and so till he had separated the Light from the Darkness, and thus it performed and finished its Course the first Time. [The Earth.]

(26) Moses writes concerning them thus; 'And God said; Let there be Lights in the Firmament of Heaven, to divide or distinguish the Day from the Night, and let them give [a Gen. 1. 14-19.] Signs and Seasons, Days and Years; and let them be Lights in the Firmament of Heaven to shine or give Light upon the Earth; and it was so done. And God made two great Lights; the greater Light to rule the Day, and the lesser Light to rule the Night; as also the Stars. And God set them in the Firmament of the Heaven, to shine or give Light upon the Earth; and to rule Day and Night; and also to divide or distinguish the Light from the Darkness; and God saw that it was good, so out of the Evening and Morning the fourth Day came to be.

(5) Now when this was done, the Deep became clear, and with the hidden or concealed Heaven the Light was separated from the Darkness, and the Globe of the Earth in the great Wheel of Nature was rolled or turned once about; and accordingly there passed the Time of one Revolution, or of one Day, which contains twenty-four Hours. [The Diurnal Motion of the Earth 24 Hours.]

(2) And it divideth the light from the darkness [and] for prosperity, that all things may prosper which shoot and grow on the earth. These three kinds He made on the fourth day.

(105) But there was not a twofold Creation of Evening and Morning at that Time; but when Evening and Morning did once begin, they kept their constant Course all along from that Time to this.

(145) Thus you may understand what the Creation of Heaven and Earth signifies, and is, also what God made on the first Day. Though indeed the first three Days were not distinguished or severed asunder by Evening and Morning, but a Time is to be reckoned and accounted as of twenty-four Hours, as there is on high above the Moon such a Time and Day.

(21) Now the eye sees how to distinguish colors, The eye distinguishes jewels from dust, Makers of base coin hate the daylight, Coins of pure gold love the daylight, Because daylight is the mirror that reflects them, Mystical Meaning of "Daylight" God has named the resurrection "that day;" Wherefore "Day" in 'truth is the mystery of the saints; Know, "Day " is the reflection of the mystery of the saints, Therefore hath God revealed the chapter "Daylight,"

(3) It rises and it sets, by turns, throughout its limbs ; so that by reason of Time’s changes it often rises with the very limbs with which it [once] had set. For [its] sphericity,—its law of revolution, —is of this nature, that all things are so straitly joined to their own selves, that no one knoweth what is the beginning of their revolution ; since they appear for ever all to go before and follow after their own selves. Good and bad issues, [therefore,] are commingled in all cosmic things.

(39) Timaeus: In this wise and for these reasons were generated Night and Day, which are the revolution of the one and most intelligent circuit; and Month, every time that the Moon having completed her own orbit overtakes the Sun; and Year, as often as the Sun has completed his own orbit. Of the other stars the revolutions have not been discovered by men (save for a few out of the many); wherefore they have no names for them, nor do they compute and compare their relative measurements, so that they are not aware, as a rule,

(14) Moses writes; God said, Let there be Light in the Firmament of Heaven, which may separate and distinguish Day and Night, and be for Signs, for Times and Seasons, for Days and Years; and to be for Lights in the Firmament of Heaven, to shine upon the Earth; and it was so. And God made two great Lights, the greater Light to rule the Day, and the lesser Light to rule the Night: Also he made the Stars. And God set them in the Firmament of Heaven, that they might shine upon the Earth, and rule the Day and the Night, and separate the Light from the Darkness.