(77) And the fourth quarter, named the north, is divided into three parts: the first of them is for the dwelling of men: and the second contains seas of water, and the abysses and forests and rivers, and darkness and clouds; and the third part contains the garden of righteousness.

(23) H e created the Tigris and the Euphrates, and he set them in their place

(16) There where Mîtôkht ('falsehood') arrives, Arask ('malice') becomes welcome, [and there where Arask is welcome] Aeshm lays a foundation, and there where Aeshm has a foundation many creatures perish, and he causes much non-Iranianism.

(77) And the remaining four come forth on the side of the north to their own sea, 〈two of them〉 to the Erythraean Sea, and two into the Great Sea and discharge themselves there [and some say: into the desert].

(4) Counterparts of those other regions are such places as Kangdez, the land of Saukavastân, the plain of the Arabs (Tâzîkân), the plain of Pêsyânsaî, the river Nâîvtâk, Aîrân-vêg, the enclosure (var) formed by Yim, and Kasmîr in India.

(15) And at its north side two rivers flowed out, and went one to the east and one to the west; they are the Arag river and the Vêh river; as it is said thus: 'Through those finger-breadth tricklings do thou pour and draw forth two such waters, O Aûharmazd!'

(15) The sea of Kamrûd is that which they pass by, in the north, in Taparîstân; that of Sahî-bûn is in Arûm.

(3) The name kêshvar ('zone or region') is also applied to them, and they existed side by side (kash kash); as on the east side of this portion (Khvanîras) is the Savah region, on the west is the Arzah region; the two portions on the south side are the Fradadafsh and Vîdadafsh regions, the two portions on the north side are the Vôrûbarst and Vôrûgarst regions, and that in the middle is Khvanîras.

(25) 22. The Land , since thou walkest upon me: “The Tip of Heaven, the Coming forth from the swathings in the Garden of Aarru, and the Coming forth in Exultation,” is thy name

(1) On the nature of rivers it says in revelation, that these two rivers flow forth from the north, part from Albûrz and part from the Albûrz of Aûharmazd; one towards the west, that is the Arag, and one towards the east, that is the Vêh river.

(8) That part of Atlantis facing the sea was described as lofty and precipitous, but about the central city was a plain sheltered by mountains renowned for their size, number, and beauty. The plain yielded two crops each year,, in the winter being watered by rains and in the summer by immense irrigation canals, which were also used for transportation. The plain was divided into sections, and in time of war each section supplied its quota of fighting men and chariots.

(64) Opinions differ as to the arrangement of the globes of this last world, D 1 to D 10 inclusive. The ruler of the fourth world is D 1, called by some the Fiery Heaven; by others the Primum Mobile, or the First Motion. From this whirling fire emanates the material starry zodiac, D 2, in contradistinction to the invisible spiritual zodiac of the Yetziratic World. From the zodiac, D 2, are differentiated the spheres of the planets in concatenate order. The ten spheres of the World of Assiah are as follows:

(4) Now follow me, and mind thou do not place As yet thy feet upon the burning sand, But always keep them close unto the wood." Speaking no word, we came to where there gushes Forth from the wood a little rivulet, Whose redness makes my hair still stand on end. As from the Bulicame springs the brooklet, The sinful women later share among them, So downward through the sand it went its way. The bottom of it, and both sloping banks, Were made of stone, and the margins at the side; Whence I perceived that there the passage was. "In all the rest which I have shown to thee Since we have entered in within the gate Whose threshold unto no one is denied, Nothing has been discovered by thine eyes So notable as is the present river, Which all the little flames above it quenches." These words were of my Leader; whence I prayed him That he would give me largess of the food, For which he had given me largess of desire. "In the mid-sea there sits a wasted land," Said he thereafterward, "whose name is Crete, Under whose king the world of old was chaste.

(2) On the day when Tîstar produced the rain, when its seas arose therefrom, the whole place, half taken up by water, was converted into seven portions; this portion, as much as one-half, is the middle, and six portions are around; those six portions are together as much as Khvanîras.

(25) The Kondrâs mountain is in Aîrân-vêg. The Asnavand mountain is in Âtarô-pâtakân. 27. The Rôyisn-hômand ('having growth') mountain is that on which vegetation has grown. 28. Whatever mountains are those which are in every place of the various districts and various countries, and cause the tillage and prosperity therein, are many in name and many in number, and have grown from these same mountains. 29. As Mount Ganâvad, Mount Asparôg, Mount Pâhargar, Mount Dimâvand, Mount Râvak, Mount Zarîn, Mount Gêsbakht, Mount Dâvad, Mount Mîgîn, and Mount Marak, which have all grown from Mount Apârsên, of which the other mountains are enumerated. 30. For the Dâvad mountain has grown into Khûgîstân likewise from the Apârsên mountain. 31. The Dimâvand mountain is that in which Bêvarâsp is bound. 32. From the same Padashkhvârgar mountain unto Mount Kûmîs, which they call Mount Madôfryâd ('Come-to-help')—that in which Vistâsp routed Argâsp—is Mount Mîyân-i-dast ('mid-plain'), and was broken off from that mountain there. 33. They say, in the war of the religion, when there was confusion among the Iranians it broke off from that mountain, and slid down into the middle of the plain; the Iranians were saved by it, and it was called, 'Come-to-help' by them. 34. The Ganâvad mountain is likewise there, on the Ridge of Vistâsp (pûst-i Vistâspân) at the abode of the Bûrzîn-Mitrô fire, nine leagues (parasang) to the west. 35. Râvak Bîsan is in Zrâvakad; this place, some say, is Zravad, some call it Bîsan, some Kalâk; from this the road of two sides of the mountain is down the middle of a fortress; for this reason, that is, because it is there formed, they call Kalâk a fortress this place they also call within the land of Sarak. 36. Mount Asparôg is established from the country of Lake Kêkast unto Pârs. 37. Pâhargar ('the Pâhar range') is in Khûrâsân. 38. Mount Marak is in Lârân. 39. Mount Zarîn is in Tûrkîstân. 40. Mount Bakht-tan is in Spâhân. 41. The rest, apart from this enumeration, which they reckon as fostering hills of the country in the religion of the Mazdayasnians, are the small hills, those which have grown piecemeal in places.

(29) Among the number (pavan aê mar) were those who are in the countries of Sûrâk, those who are in the country of Anêr, those who are in the countries of Tûr, those who are in the country of Salm which is Arûm, those who are in the country of Sênî, that which is Kînîstân, those who are in the country of Dâî, and those who are in the country of Sînd.

(3) This, too, they say, that of these three rivers, that is, the Arag river, the Marv river, and the Vêh river, the spirits were dissatisfied, so that they would not flow into the world, owing to the defilement of stagnant water (armêst) which they beheld, so that they were in tribulation through it until Zaratûst was exhibited to them, whom I (Aûharmazd) will create, who will pour sixfold holy-water (zôr) into it and make it again wholesome; he will preach carefulness.

(11) Unto that mountain is given the protection of the waters, so that water streams forth from there, in the rivulet channels, to the land of the seven regions, as the source of all the sea-water in the land of the seven regions is from there.

(1) On the nature of seas it says in revelation, that the wide-formed ocean keeps one-third of this earth on the south side of the border of Albûrz, and so wide-formed is the ocean that the water of a thousand lakes is held by it, such as the source Arêdvîvsûr, which some say is the fountain lake.

(2) After them eighteen rivers flowed forth from the same source, just as the remaining waters have flowed forth from them in great multitude; as they say that they flowed out so very fast, one from the other, as when a man recites one Ashem-vohû of a series (padîsâr). All of those, with the same water, are again mingled with these rivers, that is, the Arag river and Vêh river. 4. Both of them continually circulate through the two extremities of the earth, and pass into the sea; and all the regions feast owing to the discharge (zahâk) of both, which, after both arrive together at the wide-formed ocean, returns to the sources whence they flowed out; as it says in revelation, that just as the light comes in through Albûrz and goes out through Albûrz, the water also comes out through Albûrz and goes away through Albûrz. 5. This, too, it says, that the spirit of the Arag begged of Aûharmazd thus: 'O first omniscient creative power! from whom the Vêh river begged for the welfare that thou mightest grant, do thou then grant it in my quantity!' 6. The spirit of the Vêh river similarly begged of Aûharmazd for the Arag river; and on account of loving assistance, one towards the other, they flowed forth with equal strength, as before the coming of the destroyer they proceeded without rapids, and when the fiend shall be destroyed they will again be without rapids. 7. Of those eighteen principal rivers, distinct from the Arag river and Vêh river, and the other rivers which flow out from them, I will mention the more famous: the Arag river, the Vêh river, the Diglat river they call also again the Vêh river, the Frât river, the Dâîtîk river, the Dargâm river, the Zôndak river, the Harôî river, the Marv river, the Hêtûmand river, the Akhôshir river, the Nâvadâ river, the Zîsmand river, the Khvegand river, the Balkh river, the Mehrvâ river they call the Hendvâ river, the Spêd river, the Rad river which they call also the Koir, the Khvaraê river which they call also the Mesrgân, the Harhaz river, the Teremet river, the Khvanaîdis river, the Dâraga river, the Kâsîk river, the Sêd ('shining') river Pêdâ-meyan or Katru-meyan river of Mokarstân. 8. I will mention them also a second time: the Arag river is that of which it is said that it comes out from Albûrz in the land of Sûrâk, in which they call it also the Âmi; it passes on through the land of Spêtos, which they also call Mesr, and they call it there the river Niv. 9. The Vêh river passes on in the east, goes through the land of Sînd, and flows to the sea in Hindûstân, and they call it there the Mehrâ river. 10. The sources of the Frât river are from the frontier of Arûm, they feed upon it in Sûristân, and it flows to the Diglat river; and of this Frât it is that they produce irrigation over the land. 11. It is declared that Mânûskîhar excavated the sources, and cast back the water all to one place, as it says thus 'I reverence the Frât, full of fish, which Mânûskîhar excavated for the benefit of his own soul, and he seized the water and gave to drink,' 12. The Diglat river comes out from Salmân, and flows to the sea in Khûgîstân. 13. The Dâîtîk river is the river which comes out from Aîrân-vêg, and goes out through the hill-country; of all rivers the noxious creatures in it are most, as it says, that the Dâîtîk river is full of noxious creatures. 14. The Dargâm river is in Sûde. 15. The Zend river passes through the mountains of Pangistân, and flows away to the Haro river. 16. The Haro river flows out from the Apârsên range. 17. The Hêtûmand river is in Sagastân, and its sources are from the Apârsên range; this is distinct from that which Frâsîyâv conducted away. 18. The river Akhôshir is in Kûmîs. 19. The Zîsmand river, in the direction of Soghd, flows away towards the Khvegand river. 20. The Khvegand river goes on through the midst of Samarkand and Pargâna, and they call it also the river Ashârd. 21. The Marv river, a glorious river in the east, flows out from the Apârsên range. 22. The Balkh river comes out from the Apârsên mountain of Bâmîkân, and flows on to the Vêh river. 23. The Spêd river is in Âtarô-pâtakân; they say that Dahâk begged a favour here from Aharman and the demons. 24. The Tort river, which they call also the Koir, comes out from the sea of Gîklân, and flows to the sea of Vergân. 25. The Zahâvayi is the river which comes out from Âtarô-pâtakân, and flows to the sea in Pârs. 26. The sources of the Khvaraê river are from Spâhân; it passes on through Khûgîstân, flows forth to the Diglat river, and in Spâhân they call it the Mesrkân river. 27. The Harhaz river is in Taparîstân, and its sources are from Mount Dimâvand. 28. The Teremet river flows away to the Vêh river. 29. The Vendeses river is in that part of Pârs which they call Sagastân. 30. The Kâsak river comes out through a ravine (kâf) in the province of Tûs, and they call it there the Kasp river; moreover, the river, which is there the Vêh, they call the Kâsak; even in Sînd they call it the Kâsak. 31. The Pêdâk-mîyân, which is the river Katru-mîyân, is that which is in Kangdez. 32. The Dâraga river is in Aîrân-vêg, on the bank (bâr) of which was the dwelling of Pôrûshasp, the father of Zaratûst. 33. The other innumerable waters and rivers, springs and channels are one in origin with those; so in various districts and various places they call them by various names. 34. Regarding Frâsîyâv they say, that a thousand springs were conducted away by him into the sea Kyânsîh, suitable for horses, suitable for camels, suitable for oxen, suitable for asses, both great and small; and he conducted the spring Zarînmand (or golden source), which is the Hêtûmand river they say, into the same sea; and he conducted the seven navigable waters of the source of the Vakaêni river into the same sea, and made men settle there.