There are other questions calling for consideration: First: Are both Acts and motions to be included in the category of Action, with the distinction that Acts are momentary while Motions, such as cutting, are in time? Or will both be regarded as motions or as involving Motion? Secondly: Will all activities be related to passivity, or will some- for example, walking and speaking- be considered as independent of it? Thirdly: Will all those related to passivity be classed as motions and the independent as Acts, or will the two classes overlap? Walking, for instance, which is an independent, would, one supposes, be a motion; thinking, which also does not essentially involve "passivity," an Act: otherwise we must hold that thinking and walking are not even actions. But if they are not in the category of Action, where then in our classification must they fall? It may perhaps be urged that the act of thinking, together with the faculty of thought, should be regarded as relative to the thought object; for is not the faculty of sensation treated as relative to the sensible object? If then, we may ask, in the analogue the faculty of sensation is treated as relative to the sensible object, why not the sensory act as well? The fact is that even sensation, though related to an external object, has something besides that relation: it has, namely, its own status of being either an Act or a Passion. Now the Passion is separable from the condition of being attached to some object and caused by some object: so, then, is the Act a distinct entity. Walking is similarly attached and caused, and yet has besides the status of being a motion. It follows that thought, in addition to its relationship, will have the status of being either a motion or an Act.

Hence you inquire concerning the difference in the last things pertaining to them; but you leave uninvestigated such things as are first, and most hon...

All things incorporeal when in a body are subject unto passion, and in the proper sense they are [themselves] all passions. For every thing that...

These activities are: Sound intellection, unsound intellection, predication, sleep, memory.

For neither without sensing can one think, nor without thinking sense. But it is possible [they say] to think a thing apart from sense, as those who f...

Some, then, say that causes are properties of bodies; and others of incorporeal substances; others say that the body is properly speaking cause, and...

And of things without life, plants, they say, are moved by transposition in order to growth, if we will concede to them that plants are without life. ...

Knowledge, the knowable, and the knower form the threefold impulse to action; the organ, the action and the agent form the threefold basis of action.

The paths of material things and of states of consciousness are distinct, as is manifest from the fact that the same object may produce different...

As long as the heart has not attained complete peace, it cannot move itself. One moves the movement and forgets the movement; this is not movement in...

Besides, in addition to these ten human parts, the law appear to give its injunctions to sight, and hearing, and Smell, and touch, and taste, and to...

Mastery over the powers of perception and action comes through perfectly concentrated Meditation on their fivefold forms; namely, their power to...

And of those things that are classed under the ten Categories, some are predicated by themselves (as the nine Categories), and others in relation to s...

The harmonised yogi who knows the essence of things, thinks “I do nothing”, seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, eating, moving, sleeping, breathing,...

The cause of things is predicated in a threefold manner. One, What the cause is, as the statuary; a second, Of what it is the cause of becoming, a...

Presiding over the ear and the eye, the organs of touch, taste, and smell, and also over the mind, he experiences sense-objects.

Of things stated, some are stated without connection; as, for example, "man" and "runs," and whatever does not complete a sentence, which is either...

After these things, you again subjoin another division for yourself, “ in which you separate the essences of the more excellent genera by the...

This little chapter is not without its special difficulty. Are we to read as a word implying motion, with as its determinative, or as implying...