The poet now returns to the story of Mahmud and Ayaz, which is continued at intervals till the end of the book. The king inquired of Ayaz what made him continually visit his old shoes and garments, as Majnun used to visit his Laila, or as a Christian regularly visits his priest to obtain absolution for his sins. Why should he call to these dead things, like a fond mother calling to her dead infant, were it not that faith and love made them, as it were, living beings to him? The eye sees what it brings with it to see; it can see nothing but what it has gained the faculty of seeing. Thus the face of Laila, which seemed so lovely to the eyes of Majnun, made clairvoyant by love, seemed to strangers to have no claims to beauty. The earthly forms which here surround us are, as it were, vessels fraught with spiritual wine, only visible to those who have learnt to discern the deep things of the Spirit.

O Ayaz, what is this love of yours for your old shoes, Which resembles the love of a lover for his mistress? You have made these old shoes your object of devotion, Just as Majnun made an idol of his Laila! You have bound the affection of your soul to them, How long will you say orisons to this old pair of shoes? And breathe your oft-told secrets into inanimate ears? Like the Arab lover to the house of his dead mistress, Of what great Asaf were your shoes the house? Is your old garment, think you, the coat of Yusuf? Like a Christian who confesses to a priest

His past year's sins of fornication, fraud, and deceit; In order that the priest may absolve him of those sins; He thinks the priest's absolution the same as God's! That priest is unable to condemn or to absolve; But faith and love are a mighty enchantment! God's dealings visible to the spiritual. The wine is from that world, the vessels from this; The vessels are seen, but the wine is hidden! Hidden indeed from the sight of the carnal, But open and manifest to the spiritual! O God, our eyes are blinded!

O pardon us, our sins are a heavy burden! Thou art hidden from us, though the heavens are filled With Thy light, which is brighter than sun and moon! Thou art hidden, yet revealest our hidden secrets! Thou art hidden in Thy essence, but seen by Thy bounties. Thou art like the water, and we like the millstone. Thou art like the wind, and we like the dust; The wind is unseen, but the dust is seen by all. Thou art the spring, and we the sweet green garden; Spring is not seen, though its gifts are seen. Thou art as the soul, we as hand and foot;

Thou art as reason, we like the tongue; 'Tis reason that teaches the tongue to speak. Thou art as joy, and we are laughing; Our every motion every moment testifies, So the revolution of the millstone, so violent, O Thou who art above our conceptions and descriptions, Dust be on our heads, and upon our similitudes of Thee! Yet Thy slaves never cease devising images of Thee; They cry to Thee always, "My life is Thy footstool!" Like that shepherd who cried," O Lord!

Come nigh to thy faithful shepherd, That he may cleanse thy garment of vermin, And mend thy shoes, and kiss the hem of thy robe!" No one equaled that shepherd in love and devotion, His love pitched its tent on the heavens, When the sea of love to God boiled up, It touched his heart, but it touches your ears only. Iyazi's rebuke to his passion, whish lusted to join in the "lesser warfare". I said, "O foul and faithless passion, Whence have you derived this inclination to war?

Tell me truly, O passion, is this your trickery? Or else is it stubbornness shunning obedience to God? If you say not truly I will attack you, And will afflict you more severely with discipline." Passion then heaved a cry from its breast, And without mouth vented the following complaints: "In this cell you slay me every day; Not a soul is aware of my condition; In the fight with one wound I shall quit the body, And the people will admire my valor and self-devotion."

I said, "O bad passion, you live as an infidel, And as an infidel you will die; shame be upon you! In both worlds you are naught but a hypocrite; I have vowed to God never to quit this cell While life remains in this body; Because whatever the body does in this privacy Its movements and its rest in the privacy of this cell This is the 'greater warfare,' that the 'lesser;' They are not to be fought by one whose reason and sense Such persons must shun the array of battle,

And keep aloof from it even as women do." A person put this question to a philosopher, "O sage, what is true and what is false?" The sage touched his ear and said, "This is false, But the eye is true and its report is certain." The ear is false in relation to the eye, If a bat turn away its eyes from the sun, Still it is not veiled from some idea of the sun; Its very dread of the sun frames an idea of the sun, That idea of light terrifies it,

Just so 'tis your idea of your terrible foe O Moses, thy revelations shed glory on the mount, Be not too proud, but know that you must first endure The idea of the Truth, and thence come to the reality. No one is frightened by the mere idea of fighting, For "no courage is needed before fighting begins." In the mere idea of fighting a coward can imagine The pictures of Rustam on the wall of a bath Are similar to a coward's ideas of fighting. But when these ideas are tested by actual sight,

What of the coward then? His bravery is gone! Strive, then, from mere hearing to press on to seeing; Then ear too will acquire the properties of an eye; Your ears, now worthless as wool, will become gems; Yea, your whole body will become a mirror, It will be as an eye or a bright gem in your bosom. First the hearing of the ear enables you to form ideas, Strive, then, to increase the number of these ideas, That they may guide you, like Majnun, to the Beloved. To return; that prince played the fool,

O prince, suppose your dominion extend from east to west, Yet, as it endures not, esteem it transitory as lightning Yea, O sleeping heart, know the kingdom that endures not I marvel how long you will indulge in vain illusion, Know that even in this world there is a place of refuge; His argument is this: he says again and again, "If there were aught beyond this life we should see it." But if the child sees not the state of reason, Does the man of reason therefore forsake reason? And if the man of reason sees not the state of love,

Is the blessed moon of love thereby eclipsed? The beauty of Joseph was not visible to his brethren; Was it therefore hidden from the eyes of Jacob? The eyes of Moses regarded his staff as a stick, The eye of the head was at issue with the divine eye, To the eyes of Moses his hand looked a mere hand, This subject in its entirety is endless, The only realities to him are lust and gluttony; To us believers lust and gluttony are only ideas, To all men whose creed is lust and gluttony,

Applies the text, "To you be your creed, to me mine." In the face of negations like these cut short speech, "O Ahmad, say little to an old Fire-worshipper!" "We distribute among them," to some carnal lusts, and to others angelic qualities. If the prince lacked the animal manliness of asses, He renounced lust and anger and concupiscence, Grant that he lacked the virility of asses, Let me be dead, so long as God regards me with favor! I am better off than the living who are rejected of God; The former is the kernel of manliness, the latter only the rind;

The former is borne to Paradise, the latter to hell. The Prophet says, "Paradise is annexed to tribulation, But hell-fire follows indulgence in lust." O Ayaz, who slayest demons like a male lion, Manliness of asses is naught, manliness of mind much. What sort of man dost thou think him who sports as a boy, But who has no comprehension of these chief matters? o thou who hast seen the delight of my connnandments, And risked thy life to perform them faithfully, Hear a tale of the sweetness of my commandments,