(2) I saw that one who was created noble More than all other creatures, down from heaven Flaming with lightnings fall upon one side. I saw Briareus smitten by the dart Celestial, lying on the other side, Heavy upon the earth by mortal frost. I saw Thymbraeus, Pallas saw, and Mars, Still clad in armour round about their father, Gaze at the scattered members of the giants. I saw, at foot of his great labour, Nimrod, As if bewildered, looking at the people Who had been proud with him in Sennaar. O Niobe! with what afflicted eyes Thee I beheld upon the pathway traced, Between thy seven and seven children slain! O Saul! how fallen upon thy proper sword Didst thou appear there lifeless in Gilboa, That felt thereafter neither rain nor dew! O mad Arachne! so I thee beheld E'en then half spider, sad upon the shreds Of fabric wrought in evil hour for thee! O Rehoboam! no more seems to threaten Thine image there; but full of consternation A chariot bears it off, when none pursues!

(401) 697 To say: N. is come from Buto, red as a flame, living as Khepri. 697 N. has seen the great uraeus-serpent; N. has perceived the great uraeus-serpent. 697 The face of N. is fallen upon the great uraeus-serpent. 697 w bowed his temples to N., 697 when N. ferried over his lake, his uraeus-serpent in his following.

(615) of man’s life, and the penalty being thus paid ten times in a thousand years. If, for example, there were any who had been the cause of many deaths, or had betrayed or enslaved cities or armies, or been guilty of any other evil behaviour, for each and all of their offences they received punishment ten times over, and the rewards of beneficence and justice and holiness were in the same proportion. /I need hardly repeat what he said concerning young children dying almost as soon as they were born. Of piety and impiety to gods and parents, and of murderers 7 , there were retributions other and greater far which he described. He mentioned that he was present when one of the spirits asked another, ‘Where is Ardiaeus the Great?’ (Now this Ardiaeus lived a thousand years before the time of Er: he had been the tyrant of some city of Pamphylia, and had murdered his aged father and his elder brother, and was said to have committed many other abominable crimes.) The answer of the other spirit was: ‘He comes not hither and will never come. And this,’ said he, ‘was one of the dreadful sights which we ourselves witnessed. We were at the mouth of the cavern, and, having completed all our experiences, were about to reascend, when of a sudden Ardiaeus appeared and several others, most of whom were tyrants; and there were also besides the tyrants private individuals

(385) 673 To say: R` dawns against thee; 673 Horus bends his Nine Bows against this spirit which comes out of the earth, 673 with severed head and clipped tail. 673 Dr-serpent, Ddi, son of r.t-tw, 674 turn around, turn over, that one may forgive (?) thee in respect of him (the dead). 674 fn.w-serpent, fnn.t-serpent, 675 pay attention to him, pay attention to the earth, pay attention to thy father Geb. 675 If thou payest not attention to him, his. branding-iron which is on (over) thy head will pay attention to thee. 675 ri.w-serpent, lie down. 676 Spring up, kr (earth), seize him; Hole-in-the-earth, straighten thy tail. 676 If N. moves his arm against thee thou shalt die; 676 if the arm of N. lets thee go thou shalt not live. 677 The (my) watercourse is thy watercourse, says Shu. 677 Shu stands on thy fetters. 677 Turn around, turn over. 677 The fingers of N. which are upon thee are the fingers of the mfd.t-lynx, who lives in the "house of life," 678 that thou mayest spit out. Fall, flee, turn over. 678 Horus would have struck thee down, and thou wouldst not be alive; 678 Set would have cut thee to pieces, and thou wouldst not rise (again).

(7) The first, then, being asked whether he thought that the living were more in number than the dead, said, The living; for that the dead were not. The second, on being asked Whether the sea or the land maintained larger beasts, said, The land; for the sea was part of it. And the third being asked which was the most cunning of animals? The one, which has not hitherto been known, man. And the fourth being interrogated, For what reason they had made Sabba, who was their prince, revolt, answered, Because they wished him to live well rather than die ill. And the fifth being asked, Whether he thought that day or night was first, said, One day. For puzzling questions must have puzzling answers. And the sixth being posed with the query, How shall one be loved most? By being most powerful; in order that he may not be timid. And the seventh being asked, How any one of men could become God? said, If he do what it is impossible for man to do. And the eighth being asked, Which is the stronger, life or death? said, Life, which bears such ills. And the ninth being interrogated, Up to what point it is good for a man to live? said, Till he does not think that to die is better than to live. And on Alexander ordering the tenth to say something, for he was judge, he said, "One spake worse than another." And on Alexander saying, Shall you not, then, die first, having given such a judgment? he said, And how, O king, wilt thou prove true, after saying that thou wouldest kill first the first man that answered very badly?

(31) "On a seven-stringed lyre we shall sing new hymns," writes a poet of note, teaching us that the ancient lyre was seven-toned. The organs of the senses situated on our face are also seven - two eyes, two passages of hearing, two nostrils, and the seventh the mouth. And that the changes in the periods of life take place by sevens, the Elegies of Solan teach thus: "The child, while still an infant, in seven years, Produces and puts forth its fence of teeth; And when God seven years more completes, He shows of puberty's approach the signs; And in the third, the beard on growing cheek With down o'erspreads the bloom of changing skin; And in the fourth septenniad, at his best In strength, of manliness he shows the signs; And in the fifth, of marriage, now mature, And of posterity, the man bethinks; Nor does he yet desire vain works to see.

(1) The concubine of old Tithonus now Gleamed white upon the eastern balcony, Forth from the arms of her sweet paramour; With gems her forehead all relucent was, Set in the shape of that cold animal Which with its tail doth smite amain the nations, And of the steps, with which she mounts, the Night Had taken two in that place where we were, And now the third was bending down its wings; When I, who something had of Adam in me, Vanquished by sleep, upon the grass reclined, There were all five of us already sat. Just at the hour when her sad lay begins The little swallow, near unto the morning, Perchance in memory of her former woes, And when the mind of man, a wanderer More from the flesh, and less by thought imprisoned, Almost prophetic in its visions is, In dreams it seemed to me I saw suspended An eagle in the sky, with plumes of gold, With wings wide open, and intent to stoop, And this, it seemed to me, was where had been By Ganymede his kith and kin abandoned, When to the high consistory he was rapt.

(2) I thought within myself, perchance he strikes From habit only here, and from elsewhere Disdains to bear up any in his feet. Then wheeling somewhat more, it seemed to me, Terrible as the lightning he descended, And snatched me upward even to the fire. Therein it seemed that he and I were burning, And the imagined fire did scorch me so, That of necessity my sleep was broken. Not otherwise Achilles started up, Around him turning his awakened eyes, And knowing not the place in which he was, What time from Chiron stealthily his mother Carried him sleeping in her arms to Scyros, Wherefrom the Greeks withdrew him afterwards, Than I upstarted, when from off my face Sleep fled away; and pallid I became, As doth the man who freezes with affright. Only my Comforter was at my side, And now the sun was more than two hours high, And turned towards the sea-shore was my face. "Be not intimidated," said my Lord, "Be reassured, for all is well with us; Do not restrain, but put forth all thy strength.

(214) 136 O N., beware of the ocean (sea?). To say four times. 136 The messengers of thy ka are come for thee; the messengers of thy father are come for thee; the messengers of R` are come for thee. 137 Go after (pursue) thy sun (days); purify thyself, 137 (for) thy bones are (those of) female-falcons, goddesses, who are in heaven, 137 that thou mayest be at the side of the god; that thou mayest leave thy house to thy son 137 who is thine heir. Everyone who speaks, evil against the name of N., 138 when he ascends, Geb reckons him as an evil-doer in his own city, 138 so that he weakens, he falters. Thou purifiest thyself in the dew of the stars; 138 thou descendest on firm (copper?) cables, on the shoulders of Horus in his name of "He who is in the nw-boat." 139 The blessed dead (?) lament for thee (after) the imperishable stars bore thee (away). 139 Enter the abode of thy father, to the abode of Geb, 139 that he may give to thee that which is on the brow of Horus, that thou mayest be a ba thereby, that thou mayest be a m thereby, 139 that thou mayest be a nti-'imntiw thereby.

(5) And I turned to see the voice that spake: I saw seven golden candlesticks; and in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle. His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire; and his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters. And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength. And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead.

(615) who had been great criminals: they were just, as they fancied, about to return into the upper world, but the mouth, instead of admitting them, gave a roar, whenever any of these incurable sinners or some one who had not been sufficiently punished tried to ascend; and then wild men of fiery aspect, who were standing by and heard the sound, seized and carried them off; and Ardiaeus and others they bound head and foot and hand, and threw them down and flayed them with scourges, and dragged them along the road at the side, carding them on thorns like wool, and declaring to the passers-by what were their crimes, and that 8 they were being taken away to be cast into hell.’ And of all the many terrors which they had endured, he said that there was none like the terror which each of them felt at that moment, lest they should hear the voice; and when there was silence, one by one they ascended with exceeding joy. These, said Er, were the penalties and retributions, and there were blessings as great. Now when the spirits which were in the meadow had tarried seven days, on the eighth they were obliged to proceed on their journey, and, on the fourth day after, he said that they came to a place where they could see from above a line of light, straight as a column, extending right through the whole heaven and through the earth, in colour resembling the rainbow, only brighter and purer; another day’s journey brought them to the place, and there, in the

(4) At the next round, and let us descend the wall; For as from hence I hear and understand not, So I look down and nothing I distinguish." "Other response," he said, "I make thee not, Except the doing; for the modest asking Ought to be followed by the deed in silence." We from the bridge descended at its head, Where it connects itself with the eighth bank, And then was manifest to me the Bolgia; And I beheld therein a terrible throng Of serpents, and of such a monstrous kind, That the remembrance still congeals my blood Let Libya boast no longer with her sand; For if Chelydri, Jaculi, and Phareae She breeds, with Cenchri and with Amphisbaena, Neither so many plagues nor so malignant E'er showed she with all Ethiopia, Nor with whatever on the Red Sea is! Among this cruel and most dismal throng People were running naked and affrighted. Without the hope of hole or heliotrope. They had their hands with serpents bound behind them; These riveted upon their reins the tail And head, and were in front of them entwined.

(23) This Chapter does not properly belong to the Book of the Dead. It is part of a book engraved at the entrance of nearly all the tombs of the kings, the so-called “Litany of the Sun.” This chapter is taken from the end of the book. The various paragraphs are not always in the same order as in the monumental text. There are abridgments and many omissions, which in the translation have been filled up from the text in the tombs

(4) After that it stung the third; the third of those seated was Hun-Camé. "Ah!" he exclaimed when it stung him. "What is this, Hun-Camé? What is it that has stung you? Do you not know who has stung you? "said the fourth one of the lords, who were seated. "What is the matter, Vucub-Camé? What has stung you?" said the fifth. "Ah! Ah!" then said Xiquiripat. And Vucub-Camé asked him, "What has stung you?" and when they stung the sixth who was seated [he cried], "Ah!" "What is this, Cuchumaquic?" asked Xiquiripat. "What is it that has stung you?" And the seventh one seated said "Ah" when he was stung. "What is the matter, Ahalpuh?" said Cuchumaquic. "What has stung you?" And when it stung him, the eighth of those seated said, "Ah!" "What is the matter, Ahalcaná?" said Ahalpuh. "What has stung you?" And when he was stung the ninth of those seated said "Ah!" "What is this, Chamiabac? "said Ahalcaná. "What has stung you?" And when the tenth of those seated was stung, he said "Ah!" "What is the matter, Chamiaholom?" said Chamiabac. "What has stung you?" And when the eleventh of those seated was stung he said, "Ah!"

(4) Mine eyes he loosed, and said: "Direct the nerve Of vision now along that ancient foam, There yonder where that smoke is most intense." Even as the frogs before the hostile serpent Across the water scatter all abroad, Until each one is huddled in the earth. More than a thousand ruined souls I saw, Thus fleeing from before one who on foot Was passing o'er the Styx with soles unwet. From off his face he fanned that unctuous air, Waving his left hand oft in front of him, And only with that anguish seemed he weary. Well I perceived one sent from Heaven was he, And to the Master turned; and he made sign That I should quiet stand, and bow before him. Ah! how disdainful he appeared to me! He reached the gate, and with a little rod He opened it, for there was no resistance. "O banished out of Heaven, people despised!" Thus he began upon the horrid threshold; "Whence is this arrogance within you couched? Wherefore recalcitrate against that will, From which the end can never be cut off, And which has many times increased your pain?

(264) 342 To say: The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for Horus that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for N. that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for Ssm.ti that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for N. that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 343 The mn`-canal is open; the Winding Watercourse is inundated; 343 the Marshes of Reeds are filled (with water). 344 N. will certainly ferry over to yonder eastern side of heaven, 344 to the place where the gods will give him birth, where he will certainly be born, new and young, 345 when this hour of the morrow comes--the hour of the fifth -day, 345 the hour of the sixth day, the hour of the seventh day, the hour of the eighth day. 346 N. will be summoned by R`, he will be given something (to eat) by Nb-k.w, 346 like Horus, like him of the horizon, 346 when this hour of the morrow comes, the hour of the third day, the hour of the fourth day. 347 When N. stands there like this star which is on the under (side) of the body of the sky; 347 he judges as a god after he has listened like a prince. 348 N. calls to them and they bring to him those four gods, 348 who stand on the d`m-sceptres of heaven, 348 that they may speak the name of N. to R` and announce his name to Horus who inhabits the horizon. 349 He has come to thee; he has come to thee, 349 that he may be loosed from the bands and unbound from the fastenings. 350 He (R`) has freed N. from Hrti; he has not given him to Osiris. 350 N. has not died the death; 350 he has become an w (or, 3) in the horizon; he has become everlasting in the Ddw.t.

(390) 683 To say: N. is pure, his ka is pure. 683 How well is N., how well is N.--the bodily health of Horus! 683 How well is N., how well is, N.--the bodily health of Set! 683 The bodily health of N. is (to be) between you. 684 It is N. who stretched the cord (of a bow) as Horus, who draw the string as Osiris. 684 It is that one (the dead) who has gone; it is this one (Osiris) who comes (again). 685 Art thou Horus? A face is upon thee; thou shalt be set on thy head. 685 Art thou Set? A face is upon thee; thou shalt be laid on thy back. 685 This foot of N. [which he has placed upon thee is the] foot of Mfd.t; 685 [that] hand of N., which he has placed upon thee, is the hand of Mfd.t, who lives in the "house of life." 686 N. strikes thee in thy face, 686 so that thy saliva runs away. [He ------- so that] thy cheek ---. 686 iw-serpent, lie down; n`w-serpent, glide away.

(2) I did not die, and I alive remained not; Think for thyself now, hast thou aught of wit, What I became, being of both deprived. The Emperor of the kingdom dolorous From his mid-breast forth issued from the ice; And better with a giant I compare Than do the giants with those arms of his; Consider now how great must be that whole, Which unto such a part conforms itself. Were he as fair once, as he now is foul, And lifted up his brow against his Maker, Well may proceed from him all tribulation. O, what a marvel it appeared to me, When I beheld three faces on his head! The one in front, and that vermilion was; Two were the others, that were joined with this Above the middle part of either shoulder, And they were joined together at the crest; And the right-hand one seemed 'twixt white and yellow; The left was such to look upon as those Who come from where the Nile falls valley-ward. Underneath each came forth two mighty wings, Such as befitting were so great a bird; Sails of the sea I never saw so large.

(224) 218 To say four times: An offering to him in all his dignities, in all his places. 218 May Geb give an offering in all thy dignities, in all thy places. Utterance 224. 218 To say: Awake, N. Turn around, N. 218 Thou hast come that thou mayest command in the regions of Horus; 218 thou hast come that thou mayest command in the regions of Set; 218 thou hast come that thou mayest command in the regions of Osiris. 219 May the king make an offering: "in all thy dignities". 219 Thy garment is a b-loin-cloth; thy garment is a hdd-loincloth; 219 thou goest in sandals; thou slaughterest an ox; 220 thou goest in the wd-'n-boat, in all thy dignities, in all thy places. 220 Thy nb.t-sceptre is at the head of the living, thy staff is at the head of the spirits, 220 like Anubis, First of the Westerners; like `nd.ti, First of the Eastern nomes. 221 How fortunate is thy condition! Thou art a spirit, O N., among thy brothers, the gods. 221 How changed it is! How changed it is! (So) protect thy children; beware of 221 thy border (limitation) which is in the earth. To say four times: Clothe thy body (and) come into their presence.

(268) 370 To say: N. washes himself, R` appears, the Great Ennead sparkles; 370 the Ombite is high as chief of the 'itr.t-palace; 371 N. puts humanity off from him as a limb; 371 N. seizes the wrr.t-crown from the hand of the Ennead. 371 Isis nurses him, Nephthys suckles him, 372 Horus takes him by his fingers (to his side), 372 he purifies N. in the lake of the jackal, 372 he makes, the ka of N. clean in the lake of the D.t. 372 He rubs down the flesh of the ka of N. and his own 372 with that which is near R` in the horizon, that which he (R`) took, 373 when the two lands beamed and when he bared the face of the gods. 373 He brings the ka of N. and himself to the great palace, 373 after offices (?) were made for him and the mtt was knotted for him. 374 N. leads the imperishable stars, 374 he ferries over to the Marshes of Reeds, 374 the inhabitants of the horizon row him, the inhabitants of b.w navigate him. 375 N. is very capable (mighty), his arms will not desert him; 375 N. is very excellent (foremost), his ka comes to him (to his aid).