(48) I have not my knowledge by study; indeed I have read the order and position of the seven planets in the books of astrologers, and find them to be very right; but the root, how the planets came to be, and from what they are proceeded, I cannot learn from any man; for they know it not, neither was I present when God created the planets.

(29) And again: "And on the seventh the sun's resplendent orb." And Homer: "And on the seventh then came the sacred day."

(9) Now the Lord, having come alone into the intellectual world, enters by His sufferings, introduced into the knowledge of the Ineffable, ascending above every name which is known by sound. The lamp, too, was placed to the south of the altar of incense; and by it were shown the motions of the seven planets, that perform their revolutions towards the south. For three branches rose on either side of the tamp, and lights on them; since also the sun, like the lamp, set in the midst of all the planets, dispenses with a kind of divine music the light to those above and to those below.

(75) And the leaders of the heads of the thousands, who are placed over the whole creation and over all the stars, have also to do with the four intercalary days, being inseparable from their office, according to the reckoning of the year, and these render service on the four days which are not reckoned in the reckoning of the year.

(31) Callimachus the poet also writes: "It was the seventh morn, and they had all things done." And again: "Among good days is the seventh day, and the seventh race." And: "The seventh is among the prime, and the seventh is perfect." And: "Now all the seven were made in starry heaven, In circles shining as the years appear."

(82) And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their places, and in their seasons and festivals and months.

(28) And the Lord's day Plato prophetically speaks of in the tenth book of the Republic, in these words: "And when seven days have passed to each of them in the meadow, on the eighth they are to set out and arrive in four days." By the meadow is to be understood the fixed sphere, as being a mild and genial spot, and the locality of the pious; and by the seven days each motion of the seven planets, and the whole practical art which speeds to the end of rest. But after the wandering orbs the journey leads to heaven, that is, to the eighth motion and day. And he says that souls are gone on the fourth day, pointing out the passage through the four elements. But the seventh day is recognised as sacred, not by the Hebrews only, but also by the Greeks; according to which the whole world of all animals and plants revolve. Hesiod says of it: "The first, and fourth, and seventh day were held sacred."

(617) coloured by the reflected light of the seventh; the second and fifth [Saturn and Mercury] are in colour like one another, and yellower than the preceding; the third [Venus] has the whitest light; the fourth [Mars] is reddish; the sixth [Jupiter] is in whiteness second. Now the whole spindle has the same motion; but, as the whole revolves in one direction, the seven inner circles move slowly in the other, and of these the swiftest is the eighth; next in swiftness are the seventh, sixth, and fifth, which move together; third in swiftness appeared to move according to the law of this reversed motion the fourth; the third appeared fourth and the second fifth. The spindle turns on the knees of Necessity; and on the upper surface of each circle is a siren, who goes round with them, hymning a single tone or note. The eight together form one harmony; and round about, at equal intervals, there is another band, three in number, each sitting upon her throne: these are the Fates, daughters of Necessity, who are clothed in white robes and have chaplets upon their heads, Lachesis and Clotho and Atropos, who accompany with their voices the harmony of the sirens—Lachesis singing of the past, Clotho of the present, Atropos of the future; Clotho from time to time assisting with a touch of her right hand the revolution of the outer circle of the whorl or spindle, and Atropos with her left hand touching and guiding the inner ones, and Lachesis laying

(60) Of the last hymn there are no copies of ancient date, but the other three compositions are found more or less perfect as far back as the XIXth dynasty. The discrepancies, however, between the ancient texts furnish so much evidence of free composition on the part of the scribes, that it is impossible to suppose that they had before them documents recognised as sacred and canonical. M. Naville has found it necessary to publish four different forms of the hymn to the rising, and three of the hymn to the setting sun. The ideas and expressions throughout these hymns are current in the religious texts of the XVIIIth and XIXth dynasties

(30) And Homer: "The seventh was sacred." And again: "It was the seventh day, and all things were accomplished." And again: "And on the seventh morn we leave the stream of Acheron."

(2) And God appointed the sun4 to be a great sign on the earth for days and for sabbaths and for months and for feasts and for years and for sabbaths of years and for jubilees and for all seasons of the years.

(17) Sun and Moon - one* the day, the other the night, bow to the dust in adoration; and from their worship comes their movement. It is God who has spread out the day in whiteness, it is he who has folded up the night and blackened it.

(4) From two letters, or forms He composed two dwellings; from three, six; from four, twenty-four; from five, one hundred and twenty; from six, seven hundred and twenty; from seven, five thousand and forty; and from thence their numbers increase in a manner beyond counting; and are incomprehensible. These seven are Planets of the Universe, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars; the seven days are the days of creation; and these an the seven gateways of a man, two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and a mouth, through which he perceives by his senses.

(6) And on the new moon of the first month, and on the new moon of the fourth 8 " Of a double nature " in that (?) it commemorates the covenant with Noah, and also ha3 an agricultural character. •i.e. the Pentateuch. 7 Or "the .first day" (of the week) = Sunday. Con- sequently, Pentecost would always fall on the same day of the week, Sunday. This accords with the Sadducean view. f> THE, BOOK OF JUBILEES [chap, vi month, and on the new moon of the seventh month, and on the new moon of the tenth month are the days of remembrance, and the days of the seasons in the four divisions of the year. These are written and ordained as a testimony for ever.

(3) But if thou wouldst "see" him, bethink thee of the sun, bethink thee of moon's course, bethink thee of the order of the stars. Who is the One who watcheth o'er that order? For every order hath its boundaries marked out by place and number. The sun's the greatest god of gods in heaven; to whom all of the heavenly gods give place as unto king and master. And he, this so-great one, he greater than the earth and sea, endures to have above him circling smaller stars than him. Out of respect to Whom, or out of fear of Whom, my son, [doth he do this]? Nor like nor equal is the course each of these stars describes in heaven. Who [then] is He who marketh out the manner of their course and its extent?

(80) [And in those days the sun shall be seen and he shall journey in the evening †on the extremity of the great chariot† in the west] And shall shine more brightly than accords with the order of light.

(6) For this reason the years will come upon them when they will disturb (the order), ' A lunar year consists of 354 days. Our author wages a polemic against the use of the moon for determining the seasons and feasts. But a lunar year was accepted by the Pharisees. and make an abominable (day) the day of testimony, and an unclean day a feast day, and they will con- found all the days, the holy with the unclean, and the unclean day with the holy; for they will go wrong as to the months and sabbaths and feasts and jubilees.

(22) "[And on the ... day] thou shalt stand opposite, and the Sun-god shall

(7) Behold, again, the seven subject Worlds; ordered by Aeon's order, and with their varied course full-filling Aeon! [See how] all things [are] full of light, and nowhere [is there] fire; for 'tis the love and the blending of the contraries and the dissimilars that doth give birth to light down shining by the energy of God, the Father of all good, the Leader of all order, and Ruler of the seven world-orderings! [Behold] the Moon, forerunner of them all, the instrument of nature, and the transmuter of its lower matter! [Look at] the Earth set in the midst of All, foundation of the Cosmos Beautiful, feeder and nurse of things on Earth! And contemplate the multitude of deathless lives, how great it is, and that of lives subject to death; and midway, between both, immortal [lives] and mortal, [see thou] the circling Moon.

(264) 342 To say: The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for Horus that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for N. that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for Ssm.ti that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 342 The two reed-floats of heaven are placed for N. that he may ferry over therewith to the horizon, to Harachte. 343 The mn`-canal is open; the Winding Watercourse is inundated; 343 the Marshes of Reeds are filled (with water). 344 N. will certainly ferry over to yonder eastern side of heaven, 344 to the place where the gods will give him birth, where he will certainly be born, new and young, 345 when this hour of the morrow comes--the hour of the fifth -day, 345 the hour of the sixth day, the hour of the seventh day, the hour of the eighth day. 346 N. will be summoned by R`, he will be given something (to eat) by Nb-k.w, 346 like Horus, like him of the horizon, 346 when this hour of the morrow comes, the hour of the third day, the hour of the fourth day. 347 When N. stands there like this star which is on the under (side) of the body of the sky; 347 he judges as a god after he has listened like a prince. 348 N. calls to them and they bring to him those four gods, 348 who stand on the d`m-sceptres of heaven, 348 that they may speak the name of N. to R` and announce his name to Horus who inhabits the horizon. 349 He has come to thee; he has come to thee, 349 that he may be loosed from the bands and unbound from the fastenings. 350 He (R`) has freed N. from Hrti; he has not given him to Osiris. 350 N. has not died the death; 350 he has become an w (or, 3) in the horizon; he has become everlasting in the Ddw.t.