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e. from being a 'householder' (grhastka) he is going on to be an 'anchorite' (vanajbrastha) in the order of the £ four stages.' a From the more simple, general conception of brahma as ' devotion * and Lo, verily, not for love of the worlds are the worlds dear, but for love of the Soul the worlds are dear. Lo, verily, not for love of the gods are the gods dear, but for love of the Soul the gods are dear. Lo, verily, not for love of the beings (bhuta) are beings dear, but for love of the Soul beings are dear. Lo, verily, not for love of all is all dear, but for love of the Soul all is dear. priesthood or 'the Brahman class.' Likewise from the more simple, general conception of ksatra as ' rule' was developed^ more specific, technical application, The trend of this process is discernible in the Rig- Veda at i. 157. 2, the earliest instance where the two words are associated. Various stages may be noted in other passages where the two words are connected. In the Atharva-Veda at 1 5 8 they would seem to be used (unless, indeed, figuratively) in the primary, non- technical sense, for they are mentioned along with othei qualities of a Kshatnya. But the technical significance is evident in AV. 2. 15. 4 and 15. 10. 2-; while m AV. 9. 7. 9 the social classes as such are unmistakably emphasized. Similarly in the Vajasaneyi-Samhita: — in 19. 5 the primary meaning is dominant; in 5. 2,

Austerity the second, and to dwell as a Brahmakârin in the house of a tutor, always mortifying the body in the house of a tutor, is the third. All...

What people call sacrifice (yagña), that is really abstinence (brahmakarya). For he who knows, obtains that (world of Brahman, which others obtain by...

Brahmâ (Hiranyagarbha or Paramesvara) told this to Pragâpati (Kasyapa), Pragâpati to Manu (his son), Manu to mankind. He who has learnt the Veda from...

'Breath is Brahman, Ka (pleasure) is Brahman, Kha (ether) is Brahman.' He said: 'I understand that breath is Brahman, but I do not understand Ka or...

By that were created of old the brâhmanas and the Vedas and the sacrifices....

Him I call indeed a Brâhmana who has traversed this miry road; the impassable world and its vanity, who has gone through, and reached the other...

This is the Brahmic state, O son of Pritha. Attaining to this, none is deluded. Remaining in this state even at the last period of life, one attains...

'He (Brahman) is the swan (sun), dwelling in the bright heaven; he is the Vasu (air), dwelling in the sky; he is the sacrificer (fire), dwelling on...

Let a Brâhmana, after he has examined all these worlds which are gained by works, acquire freedom from all desires. Nothing that is eternal (not...

How much more then the holy brahmanas and devoted royal saints. Having reached this transient joyless world, do thou worship Me.

The Devas, being afraid of death, entered upon (the performance of the sacrifice prescribed in) the threefold knowledge (the three Vedas). They...

These are the five men of Brahman, the doorkeepers of the Svarga (heaven) world. He who knows these five men of Brahman, the door-keepers of the...

What people call fasting (anâsakâyana), that is really abstinence, for that Self does not perish (na nasyati), which we find out by abstinence. What...

Him I call indeed a Brâhmana who calls nothing his own, whether it be before, behind, or between, who is poor, and free from the love of the world.