(27) But of what soul; of that which we envisage as the more divine, by which we are human beings, or that other which springs from the All?

Memory must be admitted in both of these, personal memories and shared memories; and when the two souls are together, the memories also are as one; when they stand apart, assuming that both exist and endure, each soon for gets the other's affairs, retaining for a longer time its own. Thus it is that the Shade of Hercules in the lower regions- this "Shade," as I take it, being the characteristically human part- remembers all the action and experience of the life, since that career was mainly of the hero's personal shaping; the other souls going to constitute the joint-being could, for all their different standing, have nothing to recount but the events of that same life, doings which they knew from the time of their association: perhaps they would add also some moral judgement.

What the Hercules standing outside the Shade spoke of we are not told: what can we think that other, the freed and isolated, soul would recount?

The soul, still a dragged captive, will tell of all the man did and felt; but upon death there will appear, as time passes, memories of the lives lived before, some of the events of the most recent life being dismissed as trivial. As it grows away from the body, it will revive things forgotten in the corporeal state, and if it passes in and out of one body after another, it will tell over the events of the discarded life, it will treat as present that which it has just left, and it will remember much from the former existence. But with lapse of time it will come to forgetfulness of many things that were mere accretion.

Then free and alone at last, what will it have to remember?

The answer to that question depends on our discovering in what faculty of the soul memory resides.

(247) 257 To say: Thy son Horus has done (this) for thee. 257 The great tremble when they have seen the sword which is in thy hand, 257 as thou comest forth from the Dw-t. 258 Greetings to thee, wise one. 258 Geb has created thee; the Ennead have engendered thee. 258 Horus is satisfied with his father, (as) Atum is satisfied with his years. 258 The gods of the East and West are satisfied with the great (thing) which is come to pass in the embrace of the divine mother (Nut). 259 N., O. N., (thou) who hast seen; N., O. N., (thou) who hast regarded; 259 N, O (thou) who hast heard; N., O N., (thou) who hast been there; 260 N., O N., lift thee up upon thy side, (thou) doer of command; 260 (thou) who hatest sleep, (thou) who art made tired, stand up, (thou) who art in Ndi.t. 260 Thy fine bread is made (i.e. offered, cf. CT, I Spell 67, 286b) in Buto; take thy power in Heliopolis. 261 This Horus commanded to do (this) for his father. The lord of tempest prevented the saliva of Set, 261 when he (Set) should carry thee. It is he who will carry the one who is (again) complete.

(327) I went down yesterday to the Piraeus with Glaucon the son of Ariston, that I might offer up my prayers to the goddess 1 ; and also because I wanted to see in what manner they would celebrate the festival, which was a new thing. I was delighted with the procession of the inhabitants; but that of the Thracians was equally, if not more, beautiful. When we had finished our prayers and viewed the spectacle, we turned in the direction of the city; and at that instant Polemarchus the son of Cephalus chanced to catch sight of us from a distance as we were starting on our way home, and told his servant to run and bid us wait for him. The servant took hold of me by the cloak behind, and said: Polemarchus desires you to wait. I turned round, and asked him where his master was. There he is, said the youth, coming after you, if you will only wait. Certainly we will, said Glaucon; and in a few minutes Polemarchus appeared, and with him Adeimantus, Glaucon’s brother, Niceratus the son of Nicias, and several others who had been at the procession. Polemarchus said to me: I perceive, Socrates, that you and your companion are already on your way to the city. You are not far wrong, I said. But do you see, he rejoined, how many we are? Of course. And are you stronger than all these? for if not, you will have to remain where you are. May there not be the alternative, I said, that we may persuade you to let us go? But can you persuade us, if we refuse to listen to you? he said. Certainly not, replied Glaucon. Then we are not going to listen; of that you may be assured.

(222) 199 To say: Stand thou upon it, this earth, which comes forth from Atum, the saliva which comes forth from prr; 199 be thou above it; he thou high above it, 199 that thou mayest see thy father; that thou mayest see R`. 200 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, R`. 200 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Ndi. 200 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Pndn. 200 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Dndn. 201 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, m-wr. 201 He has, come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Sn-wr. 201 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Sopdu. 201 He has come to thee, his father; he has come to thee, Sharp of Teeth. 202 Cause thou that N. seize b.w, that he take the horizon; 202 cause thou that N. govern the Nine Bows, that he equip the Ennead; 202 cause thou that the shepherd's crook be in the hand of N., so that Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt may bow (before him). 203 He accepts ("takes on") his opponent and stands up, the great chief, in his great kingdom; 203 Nephthys praised him when he seized his opponent: 204 "Thou hast equipped thyself as the Great-in-magic, Set, who is in Ombos, lord of the land of the South; 204 nothing is lacking in thee; nothing ceases with thee, 204 for behold thou art more glorious, more powerful than the gods of Upper Egypt and their spirits. 205 Thou whom the pregnant brought forth, as thou didst cleave the night, 205 thou art equipped like Set, who mightily broke forth". Fortunate is he whom Isis has praised: 206 "Thou hast equipped thyself like Horus, the youthful, 206 nor is there anything lacking in thee, nor anything ceases with thee, 206 for behold thou art more glorious, more powerful than the northern gods and their spirits. 207 Thou puttest away thine uncleanness for Atum in Heliopolis, thou ascendest with him; 207 thou judgest distress in the underworld,. thou standest above the places of the abyss; 207 thou art (king) with thy father Atum, thou art high with thy father Atum; 207 thou appearest with thy father Atum, distress disappears. 207 The midwife of Heliopolis (holds) thy head. 208 Thou ascendest, thou openest thy way through the bones of Shu; 208 thou envelopest thyself in the embrace of thy mother Nut; 208 thou purifiest thyself in the horizon, thou puttest away thine impurity in the lakes of Shu. 209 Thou risest, thou settest, thou settest with R`, in obscurity with Ndi; 209 thou risest, thou settest, thou risest with R`, 209 thou appearest with Sn-wr; 210 thou risest, thou settest, thou settest with Nephthys, in obscurity with the mkt.t-boat; 210 thou risest, thou settest, thou risest with Isis; 210 thou appearest with the m`nd.t-boat. 211 Thou art master of thyself; there is no one in thy way. 211 Thou art born because of (like) Horus; thou art conceived because of (like) Set; 211 Thou didst purify thyself in the Falcon-nome; thou didst receive thy purification in the Nome of the Integral Ruler, from thy father, from Atum. 212 Thou hast come into being, thou hast become high, thou hast become content; 212 thou hast become well in the embrace of thy father, in the embrace of Atum. 213 Atum, let N. ascend to thee, enfold him in thine embrace, 213 for he is thy bodily son for ever". 5. THE DECEASED KING RECEIVES OFFERINGS AND IS RE-ESTABLISHED IN HIS FUNCTIONS AND POSSESSIONS,

(368) Sons of an illustrious father, that was not a bad beginning of the Elegiac verses which the admirer of Glaucon made in honour of you after you had distinguished yourselves at the battle of MegaANSWER: — ‘Sons of Ariston,’ he sang, ‘divine offspring of an illustrious hero.’ The epithet is very appropriate, for there is something truly divine in being able to argue as you have done for the superiority of injustice, and remaining unconvinced by your own arguments. And I do believe that you are not convinced—this I infer from your general character, for had I judged only from your speeches I should have mistrusted you. But now, the greater my confidence in you, the greater is my difficulty in knowing what to say. For I am in a strait between two; on the one hand I feel that I am unequal to the task; and my inability is brought home to me by the fact that you were not satisfied with the answer which I made to Thrasymachus, proving, as I thought, the superiority which justice has over injustice. And yet I cannot refuse to help, while breath and speech remain to me; I am afraid that there would be an impiety in being present when justice is evil spoken of and not lifting up a hand in her defence. And therefore I had best give such help as I can. Glaucon and the rest entreated me by all means not to let the question drop, but to proceed in the investigation. They wanted to arrive at the truth, first, about the nature of justice and injustice, and secondly, about their relative advantages. I told them, what I really thought, that the enquiry would be of a serious nature, and would require very good eyes.

(2) The temperance also of those men, and how Pythagoras taught this virtue, may be learnt from what Hippobotus and Neanthes narrate of Myllias and Timycha who were Pythagoreans. For they say that Dionysius the tyrant could not obtain the friendship of any one of the Pythagoreans, though he did every thing to accomplish his purpose; for they had observed, and carefully avoided his monarchical disposition. He sent therefore to the Pythagoreans, a troop of thirty soldiers, under the command of Eurymenes the Syracusan, who was the brother of Dion, in order that by treachery their accustomed migration from Tarentum to Metapontum, might be opportunely effected for his purpose. For it was usual with them to change their abode at different seasons of the year, and they chose such places as were adapted to this migration.

In Phalæ therefore, a craggy part of Tarentum, through which the Pythagoreans must necessarily pass in their journey, Eurymenes insidiously concealed his troop, and when the Pythagoreans, expecting no such thing, came to that place about the middle of the day, the soldiers rushed upon them with shouts, after the manner of robbers. But the Pythagoreans being disturbed and terrified at an attack so unexpected, and at the superior number of their enemies (for the whole number of the Pythagoreans was but ten), and considering also that they must be taken captive, as they were without arms, and had to contend with men who were variously armed,—they found that their only safety was in flight, and they did not conceive that this was foreign to virtue.

For they knew that fortitude, according to the decision of right reason, is the science of things which are to be avoided and endured. And this they now obtained. For those who were with Eurymenes, being heavy-armed, would have abandoned the pursuit of the Pythagoreans, if the latter in their flight had not arrived at a certain field sown with beans, and which were in a sufficiently florishing condition. Not being willing therefore to violate the dogma which ordered them not to touch beans, they stood still, and from necessity attacked their pursuers with stones and sticks, and whatever else they happened to meet with, till they had slain some, and wounded many of them. All the Pythagoreans however, were at length slain by the spearmen, nor would any one of them suffer himself to be taken captive, but preferred death to this, conformably to the mandates of their sect.

(6) Thus young, thus beautiful, Euphorbus lay,

While the fierce Spartan tore his arms away.”

But what is related about the shield of this Phrygian Euphorbus, being dedicated among other Trojan spoils to Argive Juno, we shall omit, as being of a very popular nature. That, however, which he wished to indicate through all these particulars is this, that he knew the former lives which he had lived, and that from hence he commenced his providential attention to others, reminding them of their former life.

(696) 2163a (N. J�quier, XII 1047). O, strong one, jackal, D, bring these to [this] N.; 2163 bring with these to N -------------------2163c (N. 1048). messenger of Atum, O N., with linen of T(?)i.t 2164 ----------------------------------- 2164b (N. 1049). O! O! come; O! O! come; bring these to N.; 2165 bring with (these) to N --------------- 2165 lift him up ------2165b + 1 (N. 1050). messenger of Atum, O N., with linen of T(?)i.t 2166 -------------- the eye of Horus there 2166b (N. 10511). hurry against the fingers of Set 2166b + 1 (N. 1951). d (or, wd) ----------- 'in(f) m---21607a. (N. 1051-1052) ------ N. earth in peace 2167b (N. 1052). the two hands of N. ------------- to the heart 2168 (N. 1053). Raise thyself up N., tsi ---------------2168 + 1 (N. 1054). N. raised himself up in this night -------2168 + 2 (N. 1055). n these of N --------------------2168 + 3 (N. 1055 + 1 to 1055 + 2). tm (?) --- S --------belonging to the god 2168 + 4 (N. 1055 + 2). O N. --------------------2168 + 5 (N. 1055 + 3). 63 ------- 'im-n.n -----------2168 + 6 (N. 1055 + 5) ------ he[aven] -------------(Following 2168 + 6, there are in N. J�quier, XII, eight additional columns, 1055 + 5 to 1055 + 12, the text of which is entirely destroyed).

(2) All his auditors likewise having granted that the judgment of the immortals is most valid, he said he would demonstrate to the Crotonians, by the example of Hercules the founder of the colony brought to Crotona, that it is necessary to be voluntarily obedient to the mandates of parents, as they knew from tradition that the God himself had undertaken such great labors in consequence of obeying the commands of one older than himself, and being victorious in what he had undertaken to accomplish, had instituted in honor of his father the Olympic games. He also showed them that they should associate with each other in such a manner, as never to be in a state of hostility to their friends, but to become most rapidly friends to their enemies; and that they should exhibit in modesty of behaviour to their elders, the benevolent disposition of children towards their parents; but in their philanthropy to others, fraternal love and regard.

(4) He performed however what is still more generous than this, by effecting the dissolution of tyranny, restraining the tyrant when he was about to bring the most deplorable calamities on mankind, and liberating Sicily from the most cruel and imperious power. But that it was Pythagoras who accomplished this, is evident from the oracles of Apollo, in which it is predicted that the domination of Phalaris would then be dissolved, when those that were governed by him should become better men, and be more concordant with each other; such as they then became, when Pythagoras was present with them, through the doctrines and instruction which he imparted to them. A greater proof however of the truth of this, is derived from the time in which it happened.

For on the very same day in which Phalaris put Pythagoras and Abaris in danger of death, he himself was slain by stratagem. That also which happened to Epimenides may be an argument of the truth of these things. For as he, who was the disciple of Pythagoras, when certain persons intended to destroy him, invoked the Furies, and the avenging Gods, and by so doing caused all those that attempted his life, to destroy each other;—thus also Pythagoras, who gave assistance to mankind, after the manner and with the fortitude of Hercules, for the benefit of men, punished and occasioned the death of him who had acted in an insolent and disorderly manner towards others; and this through the oracles themselves of Apollo, to the series of which divinity both he and Epimenides spontaneously belonged from their very birth. And thus far, indeed, we have thought it requisite to mention this admirable and strenuous deed, the effect of his fortitude.

(6) It is likewise related of Clinias the Tarentine, that when he had learnt that Prorus the Cyrenæan, who was zealously addicted to the Pythagorean doctrines, was in danger of losing all his property, he sailed to Cyrene, after having collected a sum of money, and restored the affairs of Prorus to a better condition, not only incurring, in so doing, a diminution of his own property, but despising the peril which he was exposed to in the voyage. After the same manner also, Thestor Posidoniates, having learnt from report alone, that Thymaridas Parius the Pythagorean had fallen into poverty, from the possession of great wealth, is said to have sailed to Parus, after having collected a large sum of money, and thus reinstated Thymaridas in property.

These therefore are beautiful instances of friendship. The decisions, however, of the Pythagoreans respecting the communion of divine goods, the concord of intellect, and things pertaining to a divine soul, are much more admirable than the above examples. For they perpetually exhorted each other, not to divulse the God within them. Hence all the endeavour of their friendship both in deeds and words, was directed to a certain divine mixture, to a union with divinity, and to a communion with intellect and a divine soul. But it is not possible to find any thing better than this, either in what is uttered by words, or performed by deeds. For I am of opinion, that all the goods of friendship are comprehended in this. Hence, as we have collected in this, as in a summit, all the prerogatives of the Pythagoric friendship, we shall omit to say any thing further about it.

(45) Then he details still more plainly the licentiousness of the fabled Zeus: "But he nor food nor cleansing water touched, But heart-stung went to bed, and that whole night Wantoned."

(204) 118 Rejoice, O hoers; let the heart in the breasts of men be lifted up. 118 They have swallowed the 'bright eye of Horus which is in Heliopolis. 118 The little finger of N. draws out that which is in the navel of Osiris. 119 N. thirsts not, he hungers not; the heart of N. faints (?) not, 119 for it is in the hands of : which hold off his hunger. O fill (him), O fillers of hearts.

(562) 1405 To say: The earth is high under the sky by (means of) thine arms, Tefnut. 1405 Lay hold of the two hands of N., lay not hold of the arm of N., for life, satisfaction, eternity. 1405 Put him in ---------- as a distinguished one. 1405 N. is seated as chief of the Two Enneads; 1406 he judges the gods 1406 as a king, (and) as deputy of Horus, who avenges his father, Osiris. 1406 Thy body, N., is as that of a god; as your body, O gods, is like that of N. 1407 N. is come in peace to thee, Horus. 1407 The eye of Horus is young with you; it is not given over to the anger of Set. 32. A PURIFICATION LITANY,

(693) 2139 (N. J�quier, XII 1021). To say: Awa[ke] -------- nti n.k[m?] ----2139b (N. 1021). ------------------------------------2140a (N. 1022). the bows bend their head to thee, go[ing] from thee between (?) ----2140b (N. 1022) -------------------------------2141a (N. 1023). the gods rejoiced; exult ---------2141a + 1 (N. 1923). ------ [he?] sees ------2141b (N. 1023-1024). ------------- [Geb], prince of the gods 2142a (N. 1024). he has taken the heritage; [he has] carried off 2142b (N. 1024). ---N ----------------------------- 2143 (N. 1025). Equip thyself with his white crown; eat bread 2143b (N. J�quier, XII 1025). ------- [wi]th a presentation

(390) awake, lay devising plans, but forgot them all in a moment through his lust, and was so completely overcome at the sight of Here that he would not even go into the hut, but wanted to lie with her on the ground, declaring that he had never been in such a state of rapture before, even when they first met one another ‘Without the knowledge of their parents 23 ;’ or that other tale of how Hephaestus, because of similar goings on, cast a chain around Ares and Aphrodite 24 ? Indeed, he said, I am strongly of opinion that they ought not to hear that sort of thing. But any deeds of endurance which are done or told by famous men, these they ought to see and hear; as, for example, what is said in the verses, ‘He smote his breast, and thus reproached his heart, Endure, my heart; far worse hast thou endured 25 !’ Certainly, he said. In the next place, we must not let them be receivers of gifts or lovers of money. Certainly not. Neither must we sing to them of ‘Gifts persuading gods, and persuading reverend kings 26 .’ Neither is Phoenix, the tutor of Achilles, to be approved or deemed to have given his pupil good counsel when he told him that he should take the gifts of the Greeks and assist them 27 ; but that without a gift he should not lay aside his anger. Neither will we believe or acknowledge Achilles himself to have been such a lover of money that he took Agamemnon’s gifts, or that when he had received payment he restored the dead body of Hector, but that without payment he was unwilling to do so 28 .

(4) Moreover, that they did not decline foreign friendships carelessly, but that they avoided and guarded against them, with the greatest sedulity; and also, that they rigidly preserved friendship towards each other for many ages, may be inferred from what Aristoxenus in his treatise On the Pythagoric life, says he heard from Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily, when having fallen from monarchy he taught grammar at Corinth. For Aristoxenus says as follows: “These men as much as possible prohibited lamentations and tears, and every thing of this kind; and in a similar manner adulation, entreaty, supplication, and the like. Dionysius, therefore, having fallen from his tyranny and come to Corinth, narrated to us the particulars concerning Phintias and Damon the Pythagoreans; and these were respecting the one being sponsor for the death of the other.

But the mode of the suretyship was as follows: He said that certain persons, who were familiar with him, had frequently made mention of the Pythagoreans, defaming and reviling them, calling them arrogant, and asserting that their gravity, their pretended fidelity, and apathy would be laid aside, if any one should cause them to fall into [some great] calamity. Certain persons however contradicting this, and contention arising on the subject, recourse was had to artifice, and one of the accusers of Phintias said before him, that he evidently conspired with certain others against the life of Dionysius. This also was testified by some that were present, and the charges against Phintias appeared to be very probable. Phintias therefore was astonished at the accusation.

But when Dionysius had unequivocally said, that he had accurately explored all these particulars, and that it was necessary that he should die, Phintias replied, that if it appeared requisite to him that this should take place, he requested that he would grant him the remainder of the day, in order that he might settle his own affairs, and also those of Damon. For those men lived together, and had all things in common. Phintias, however, being the elder, the management of the domestic concerns was for the most part undertaken by him. He requested therefore, that Dionysius would suffer him to depart for this purpose, and he would appoint Damon for his surety. Dionysius therefore said that he wondered at the request, and that he asked him whether there was any man who was willing to become security for the death of another.

But Phintias asserting that there was, Damon was sent for, who, on hearing what had happened, said that he would become the sponsor, and that he would remain there till Phintias returned. Dionysius therefore said, that he was immediately astonished at these circumstances; but that they who at first introduced the experiment, derided Damon as one who would be caught, and said sneeringly that he would be the vicarious stag. When therefore it was near sunset, Phintias came to die; at which all that were present were astonished and subdued. But Dionysius said, that having embraced and kissed the men, he requested that they would receive him as the third into their friendship. They however would by no means consent to a thing of this kind, though he entreated them to comply with his request.” And these things are related by Aristoxenus, who received them from Dionysius himself.

(5) Thy son Horus is triumphant before the whole cycle of gods; he has received the royal power on the earth, and his dominion over the whole earth; the throne of Seb has been imparted to him; the high dignity of Tmu is kept in record as his possession, engraved on a brick of iron, as was ordered by thy father Tatunen in his sanctuary

(44) Timaeus: and proceed accordingly, in the exposition now to be given. The divine revolutions, which are two, they bound within a sphere-shaped body, in imitation of the spherical form of the All, which body we now call the “head,” it being the most divine part and reigning over all the parts within us. To it the gods delivered over the whole of the body they had assembled to be its servant, having formed the notion that it should partake in all the motions which were to be.

(3) Eurymenes therefore, and his soldiers, were beyond measure disturbed on finding that they should not be able to bring one of the Pythagoreans alive to Dionysius, though they were sent by him for this purpose alone. Hence, having piled earth on the slain, and buried them in that place in a common sepulchre, they turned their steps homeward. As they were returning, however, they happened to meet with Myllias the Crotonian, and his wife Timycha the Lacedæmonian, whom the other Pythagoreans had left behind, because Timycha being pregnant, was now in her sixth month, and on this account walked leisurely. These therefore, the soldiers gladly made captive, and led them to the tyrant, paying every attention to them, in order that they might be brought to him safe.

But the tyrant having learnt what had happened, was greatly dejected, and said to the two Pythagoreans, You shall obtain from me honors transcending all others in dignity, if you will consent to reign in conjunction with me. All his offers however being rejected by Myllias and Timycha; If then, said he, you will only teach me one thing, I will dismiss you with a sufficiently safe guard. Myllias therefore asking him what it was he wished to learn; Dionysius replied, It is this, why your companions chose rather to die, than to tread on beans? But Myllias immediately answered, My companions indeed submitted to death, in order that they might not tread upon beans, but I would rather tread on them, than tell you the cause of this.

Dionysius therefore, being astonished at this answer, ordered him to be forcibly taken away, but commanded Timycha to be tortured: for he thought, that as she was a woman, pregnant, and deprived of her husband, she would easily tell him what he wanted to know, through fear of the torments. The heroic woman, however, grinding her tongue with her teeth, bit it off, and spit it at the tyrant; evincing by this, that though her sex being vanquished by the torments might be compelled to disclose something which ought to be concealed in silence, yet the member subservient to the developement of it, should be entirely cut off. So much difficulty did they make in admitting foreign friendships, even though they should happen to be royal.