(48) Did he not with all his power seek to slay thee and deliver the Egyptians out of thy hand when he saw that thou wast sent to execute judgment and vengeance on the Egyptians ?

(31) And between these two mighty armies Thus, too, in the second generation lived pure Abel; In like manner these two standards of right and wrong Nimrod was the opponent and adversary of Abraham, When God grew weary of the length of this war, He commanded fire and its flaming torment Age after age these two parties contended, Between these two the war was waged for years, And when it passed all bounds and affliction increased God made the water of the Nile a judge between them,

(12) Slay it in sacred war and combat, When that man cherished that snake, That stubborn brute was happy in the luxury of warmth; And of necessity worked destruction, O friend; Yea, many more mischiefs than I have told. If you wish to keep that snake tied up Without trouble, be faithful, be faithful! But how can base men attain this wish? It requires a Moses to slay serpents; And a hundred thousand men were slain by his serpent, In dire confusion, according to his purpose.

Then follows a long account of the birth of Moses, of Pharaoh's devices to kill him in his infancy, of his education in Pharaoh's house, of his desiring Pharaoh to let the children of Israel go, and of his contest with the magicians of Egypt, and his victory over them. In the course of the story the following anecdote is narrated: A snake-catcher, who was following his occupation in the mountains, discovered a large snake frozen by the cold, and, imagining it to be dead, he tied it up and took it to Baghdad. There all the idlers of the city flocked together to see it, and the snake, thawed by the warmth of the sun, recovered life, and immediately destroyed the spectators.

(1) A man asked a camel, saying, "Ho! whence comest thou, Thou beast of auspicious footstep?" He replied, " From the hot bath of thy street." The man said, " That is proved false by thy dirty legs!" So, when stubborn Pharaoh saw Moses' staff a serpent, And begged for a delay (to fetch magicians) and relented, Wise men said, "He ought to have become harsher, If He really be, as He says, the Lord Supreme. What could miracles such as these of serpents, Or even dragons, matter to the majesty of His divinity? If He be really Lord Supreme, seated on His throne,

Then follows a very long account of the dealings of Moses, an incarnation of true reason, with Pharaoh, the exponent of mere opinion or illusion. It begins with a long discussion between Moses and Pharaoh. Moses tells Pharaoh that both of them alike owe their bodies to earth and their souls to God, and that God is their only lord. Pharaoh replies that he is lord of Moses, and chides Moses for his want of gratitude to himself for nurturing him in his childhood. Moses replies that he recognizes no lord but God, and reminds Pharaoh how he had tried to kill him in his infancy. Pharaoh complains that he is made of no account by Moses, and Moses retorts that in order to cultivate a waste field it is necessary to break up the soil; and in order to make a good garment, the stuff must first be cut up; and in order to make bread, the wheat must first be ground in the mill, and so on. The best return he can make to Pharaoh for his hospitality to him in his infancy is to set him free from his lust-engendered illusions, like a fish from the fish-hook which has caught him. Pharaoh then twits Moses with his sorceries in changing his staff into a serpent, and thereby beguiling the people. Moses replies that all this was accomplished not by sorcery, like that of Pharaoh's own magicians, but by the power of God, though Pharaoh could not see it, owing to his want of perception of divine things. The ear and the nose cannot see beautiful objects, but only the eye, and similarly the sensual eye, blinded by lust, is impotent to behold spiritual truth. On the other hand, men of spiritual insight, whose vision is purged from lust, become as it were all eyes, and no longer see double, but only the One sole real Being. Man's body, it is true, is formed of earth, but by discipline and contrition it may be made to reflect spiritual verities, even as coarse and hard iron may be polished into a steel mirror. Pharaoh ought to cleanse the rust of evil-doing from his soul, and then he would be able to see the spiritual truths which Moses was displaying before him. The door of repentance is always open. Moses then promised that if Pharaoh would obey one admonition he should receive in return four advantages. Pharaoh was tempted by this promise, and asked what the admonition was. Moses answered that it was this, that Pharaoh should confess that there is no God except the One Creator of all things in heaven and on earth. Pharaoh then prayed him to expound the four advantages he had promised, saying that possibly they might cure him of infidelity, and cause him to become a vessel of mercy, instead of one of wrath. Moses then explained that they were as follows:

(29) Because essence and its deepest secrets Negation and affirmation of one proposition are lawful; "Thou castest not when thou castest" shows such relation, Thou castest it, since it is in thy hand, Thou castest not, since 'tis God who affords the strength. The might of the sons of Adam is limited, How can a handful of sand shatter an army? The sand was in man's hands, the casting was God's. The infidels know the prophets,

(84) Just so 'tis your idea of your terrible foe O Moses, thy revelations shed glory on the mount, Be not too proud, but know that you must first endure The idea of the Truth, and thence come to the reality. No one is frightened by the mere idea of fighting, For "no courage is needed before fighting begins." In the mere idea of fighting a coward can imagine The pictures of Rustam on the wall of a bath Are similar to a coward's ideas of fighting. But when these ideas are tested by actual sight,

(88) And one of them drew a sword, and gave it to those elephants and camels and asses: then they began to smite each other, and the whole earth quaked because of them.

(65) He did all this, yet Moses was born, Had he but seen the Eternal workshop, Within his house was Moses safe and sound, Just so the slave of lusts who pampers his body Fancies that some other man bears him ill-will; Saying this one is my enemy, and this one my foe, While it is his own body which is his enemy and foe, He is like Pharaoh, and his body is like Moses, He runs abroad crying, "where is my foe?" While lust is in his house, which is his body,

(1) Moses said, "Their sorcery confuses them; What can I do? These people have no discernment." God said, "I will generate in them discernment; Although like a sea their waves cast up foam, O Moses, thou shalt prevail over them; fear not!" The magicians gloried in their own achievements, But when Moses' rod became a snake, they were confounded. Whoso boasts of his beauty and wit, Sorcery fades away, but the miracles of Moses advance. Both resemble a dish falling from a roof: The noise of the dish of sorcery leaves only cursing;

(96) O dear blind man! it was not a man nor a beast that stood here before God. But it was God against God; one strong one against another: Besides, how should God withstand him? With the friendly love? That could not avail, for Lucifer did but scorn and despise that, and would himself be God.

(4) And he slew him in the field : and his blood cried from^the ground to heaven, complaining because he had slain him.

(31) In his divine poem he gives this advice, 'Sweep away the dust from thy house!'" "O Pharaoh, if you are wise, I show you mercy; But if you are an ass, I give you the stick as an ass. So I will drive you out of your stable, In this stable asses and men alike See! I have brought a staff for the purpose of correcting It turns into a serpent in vengeance against you, You are an evil serpent, swelled to the size of a hill. This staff is a foretaste to you of hell,

(128) If he buffeteth me, then I must retire and draw back, but the divine power helpeth me again; then he also getteth a blow, and often loseth the day in the fight.

(48) 2jioa.m. And thou thyself knowest what He spake unto thee on Mount Sinai, and what prince Mastema. desired to do with thee when thou wast returning into Egypt on the way when thou didst meet him at the lodging- place.

The doctrine of the Mu'tazilites, mentioned, that all men's intellects are alike and equal at birth, is again controverted, and the poet dwells on the essential differences which characterize the intellects akin to Universal Reason or the Logos, and those swayed by partial or carnal reason; the former, like the children of Israel, seeking exaltation through self-abasement; and the others, like Pharaoh, running after worldly rank and power, to their own destruction. In order to make probation of men, as already explained, God fills the world with deceptions, making apparent blessings destructive to us, and apparent evils salutary. On the other hand, if men try to deceive God, they fail signally. Hypocritical weeping and wailing like that of Joseph's brethren is at once detected by God. Thus a certain Arab had a dog to which he was much attached; but one day the dog died of hunger. He at once began to weep and wail, and disturbed the whole neighborhood by his ostentatious grief One of the neighbors came and inquired into the matter, and on hearing that the dog had died of hunger, he asked the Arab why he had not fed him from the wallet of food which he had in his hand. The Arab said that he had collected this food to support himself, and made it a principle not to part with any of it to any one who could not pay for it; but that, as his tears cost him nothing, he was pouring them forth in token of the sorrow he felt for his dog's death. The neighbor, on hearing this, rebuked him for his hypocrisy, and went his way. Then follows a commentary on the text, "Almost would the infidels strike thee down with their very looks when they hear the reading of the Koran."

(48) "'[Whoso is exalted in the battle], let him display (his) might!'"

(51) He makes sugar to grow in your mouth, Therefore, bite not the innocent with your teeth; Bear in mind the divine stroke that tarries not." God made the Nile blood to the Egyptians, He preserved the Israelites from the peril, That you might know how God discerns The Nile learned of God discernment God's mercy made the Nile wise, Of His mercy He created wisdom in inanimate things, Of His mercy wisdom accrued to inanimate things,

(31) They have no tenderness or gentleness or amity, Love and tenderness are qualities of humanity, Woman is a ray of God, not a mere mistress, The Creator's self, as it were, not a mere creature! Moses and Pharaoh, alike doers of God's will, Verily, both Moses and Pharaoh walked in the right way, Though seemingly the one did so, and the other not. By day Moses wept before God, At midnight Pharaoh lifted up his cry, Saying, "What a yoke is this upon my neck, O God!